算法计算柱形图内的特定空间

在计算特定空间时，需先根据柱形图的宽度、高度及上下左右边距等信息，确定图表中每列的具体位置和大小；然后根据特定空间的范围，在每列上取值并累加得到目标空间的总值。具体代码示例如下：

def calc_specific_space(data, col_width, col_margin_left, col_margin_right, col_margin_bottom, col_margin_top, target_range):
    col_interval = col_width + col_margin_right + col_margin_left # 列的间隔
    col_count = len(data) # 列的数量
    total_width = col_count * col_interval - col_margin_right # 总宽度
    col_height = sum(data) # 列的高度
    chart_height = col_height + col_margin_bottom + col_margin_top # 图表的高度
    chart_bottom = col_margin_bottom # 图表的下边界
    chart_left = col_margin_left # 图表的左边界
    target_sum = 0 # 目标空间的累计值
    
    for i in range(col_count):
        col_top = chart_bottom + data[i] # 列的上边界
        col_left = chart_left + i * col_interval # 列的左边界
        col_right = col_left + col_width # 列的右边界
        target_left = target_range[0] # 目标空间的左边界
        target_right = target_range[1] # 目标空间的右边界
        
        if col_right < target_left or col_left > target_right: # 如果目标空间与当前列无重叠
            continue # 继续下一列
        
        # 计算目标空间在当前列的高度
        if target_left >= col_left and target_right <= col_right: # 如果目标空间完全位于当前列内
            target_height = target_range[1] - target_range[0]
        elif target_left >= col_left and target_left <= col_right: # 如果目标空间左边界位于当前列内
            target_height = col_right - target_left
        elif target_right >= col_left and target_right <= col_right: # 如果目标空间右边界位于当前列内
            target_height = target_right - col_left
        else: # 如果目标空间横向跨越当前列
            target_height = col_width
        
        target_top = col_top - target_height # 目标空间的上边界
        if target_top < col_margin_top: # 如果目标空间超出图表上边界
            target_top = col_margin_top
            target_height = col_top - col_margin_top
        
        target_bottom = target_top + target_height # 目标空间的下边界
        if target_bottom > chart_height - col_margin_bottom: # 如果目标空间超出图表下边界
            target_bottom = chart_height - col_margin_bottom
            target_height = target_bottom - target_top
        
        target_sum += target_height * (target_right - target_left) # 为目标空间累加值
        
    return target_sum

其中，参数data表示柱形图每列的高度序列，col_width表示柱形图每列的宽度，col_margin_left、