基于消息标识符的单个SQS用于多个订阅者的使用

在AWS的消息队列服务（Simple Queue Service，SQS）中，可以使用消息标识符（Message Deduplication ID）来确保仅有一个订阅者接收到每条消息。下面是一个基于消息标识符的单个SQS用于多个订阅者的示例解决方法：

1. 创建一个SQS队列：

import boto3

sqs = boto3.client('sqs')
queue_name = 'my-queue'

response = sqs.create_queue(
    QueueName=queue_name
)

queue_url = response['QueueUrl']

2. 发布消息到SQS队列：

message = 'Hello, subscribers!'
message_deduplication_id = 'unique-message-id'

response = sqs.send_message(
    QueueUrl=queue_url,
    MessageBody=message,
    MessageDeduplicationId=message_deduplication_id,
    MessageGroupId='1'  # 设置消息分组ID
)

3. 创建多个订阅者（消费者）：

import boto3

sqs = boto3.client('sqs')
queue_url = 'your-queue-url'

response = sqs.create_queue(
    QueueName='subscriber1'
)
subscriber1_url = response['QueueUrl']

response = sqs.create_queue(
    QueueName='subscriber2'
)
subscriber2_url = response['QueueUrl']

4. 订阅SQS队列：

import boto3

sqs = boto3.client('sqs')
queue_url = 'your-queue-url'
subscriber_url = 'subscriber1-url'

response = sqs.get_queue_attributes(
    QueueUrl=subscriber1_url,
    AttributeNames=['QueueArn']
)

subscriber1_arn = response['Attributes']['QueueArn']

response = sqs.get_queue_attributes(
    QueueUrl=queue_url,
    AttributeNames=['QueueArn']
)

queue_arn = response['Attributes']['QueueArn']

response = sqs.set_queue_attributes(
    QueueUrl=queue_url,
    Attributes={
        'RedrivePolicy': json.dumps({
            'deadLetterTargetArn': subscriber1_arn,
            'maxReceiveCount': '3'  # 消息最大接收次数
        })
    }
)

response = sqs.subscribe(
    TopicArn=queue_arn,
    Protocol='sqs',
    Endpoint=subscriber1_arn
)

5. 处理订阅者收到的消息：

import boto3

sqs = boto3.client('sqs')
subscriber_url = 'subscriber1-url'

while True:
    response = sqs.receive_message(
        QueueUrl=subscriber1_url,
        AttributeNames=['All'],
        MaxNumberOfMessages=1,
        WaitTimeSeconds=20
    )

    if 'Messages' in response:
        for message in response['Messages']:
            # 处理消息
            print(message['Body'])

            # 删除已处理的消息
            sqs.delete_message(
                QueueUrl=subscriber1_url,
                ReceiptHandle=message['ReceiptHandle']
            )
    else:
        print('No messages received.')

通过以上步骤，你可以创建一个基于消息标识符的单个SQS用于多个订阅者的解决方案。在发布消息时，设置消息标识符和消息分组ID，确保只有一个订阅者接收到消息。订阅者可以通过订阅SQS队列并使用receive_message方法来处理收到的消息。