Hey there! Let's tackle this problem head-on—first off, the big issue here is that Applets were officially deprecated years ago and are no longer supported by any mainstream browser, so that's why your conversion attempts were failing. Let's go through practical alternatives and fixes for your existing code:

Step 1: Refactor Your Multi-JFrame Setup #

Your current setup with four separate JFrames is going to cause headaches for any web deployment approach (and even desktop usability, honestly). Here's how to clean it up:

• Replace all separate JFrames with JPanels, and use CardLayout in a single main JFrame to switch between the Login screen, main game interface, console view, etc. This keeps your app contained in one window, which is far easier to adapt for web or modern desktop packaging.
• For the Winner "popup", use a modal JDialog instead of a JFrame—attach it to your main window so it behaves like a proper dialog rather than a separate floating window.

If you were experimenting with JInternalPane and JDesktopPane, those work for simulating a multi-window environment inside a single frame, but CardLayout is simpler for most tab-like/flow-based interface switches.

Step 2: Choose a Web Deployment Approach #

Since Applets are dead, here are the most viable ways to get your game on a website:

Option 1: Use CheerpJ to Run Swing in the Browser #

CheerpJ is a tool that compiles Java bytecode to WebAssembly/JavaScript, letting your existing Swing app run directly in modern browsers without any plugins. Here's the gist:

1. Package your refactored game into a runnable JAR file.
2. Upload the JAR to your web server (or use CheerpJ's hosting if you prefer).
3. Add a small snippet of JavaScript to your webpage that loads and runs the JAR via CheerpJ.
   Most standard Swing components work seamlessly, though you might want to test any custom logic to ensure compatibility.

Option 2: Package as a Desktop App & Host for Download #

If running directly in the browser isn't a hard requirement, package your game as a native desktop app for Windows, Mac, and Linux:

• Use jpackage (included with modern JDKs) to wrap your JAR into native installers/exes.
• Upload these installers to your website and add download links with instructions for users to run the game locally. This is a straightforward approach if you don't want to rewrite code.

Option 3: Rewrite as a Full Web App (Longer-Term) #

For the best browser compatibility and user experience, consider rebuilding the frontend with HTML/CSS/JavaScript, and keep your game logic in a Java backend (using something like Spring Boot). This requires more work, but it'll give you a fully web-native game that works on any device with a browser.

Quick Troubleshooting Note #

If you're still attached to the multi-window idea, JDesktopPane can work for organizing internal windows, but it's still better to stick to a single main window for deployment purposes—web environments aren't designed to handle multiple separate browser-level windows from a single app.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Callum Stringer