Hey Nora, let’s tackle your question head-on—since you’re deeply accustomed to Windows 10 and focused on professional workloads, this is totally valid to worry about.

First, let’s address the big scheduling concern you mentioned: the early Windows 10 issues with Intel 12th-gen CPUs (big cores idling while little cores maxed out) have been fully resolved in Windows 10 21H2 and later, including the 22H2 version you’re likely using (or should be running). Microsoft pushed targeted updates to fix the size-core scheduling logic for Intel’s hybrid architecture, so you won’t run into that misallocation problem anymore.

Now let’s break down your specific use cases:

• Image processing/simulation (MATLAB): MATLAB’s core computational tasks (like matrix operations, simulation loops) are multi-threaded and prioritize high-performance cores. Windows 10 22H2 will correctly assign these workloads to your 14700KF’s big cores, using little cores for background tasks (like file I/O, UI updates) without interfering. Real-world tests show performance is nearly identical to Windows 11 here—you won’t see a meaningful drop-off.
• C/C++ programming: Compilation tasks (whether using MSVC, GCC, or Clang) are highly parallel, and Windows 10’s scheduler will leverage both big and little cores efficiently. Compile times will be on par with Windows 11, and debugging workflows won’t have any noticeable performance gaps either.
• AI algorithm testing: Frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch rely on the OS to manage thread affinity for CPU-based training/inference. Windows 10 22H2 properly recognizes the 14700KF’s hybrid layout, directing core model execution threads to big cores and offloading data preprocessing/loading to little cores. Unless you’re using niche Win11-exclusive AI tools, the performance difference is negligible.

Overall, the performance gap between Windows 10 22H2 and Windows 11 on Intel 14th-gen CPUs is now extremely small for professional workloads like yours. The only areas where Win11 might edge ahead are in some games optimized for its scheduler, but that’s irrelevant to your use case.

If you’re happy with Windows 10, there’s no compelling reason to switch. Just make sure you’re running the 22H2 update (the final major version of Win10) to get all the hybrid CPU optimizations.

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nora