我现在正尝试把Django项目的模型变更迁移到PostgreSQL 18.1服务器（x86_64-linux平台，gcc-11.4.0编译，64位），但每次执行迁移都会报错。具体来说，迁移流程在读取/home/[username]/[project]/[project_directory]/newenv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py文件时，卡在return self.cursor.execute(sql)这一行抛出错误。

系统环境是WSL2的Linux：Linux DESKTOP-7C9U6H4 6.6.87.2-microsoft-standard-WSL2

报错相关的Django代码片段 #

迁移报错时触发的_execute函数代码如下：

def _execute(self, sql, params, *ignored_wrapper_args):
    # Raise a warning during app initialization (stored_app_configs is only
    # ever set during testing).
    if not apps.ready and not apps.stored_app_configs:
        warnings.warn(self.APPS_NOT_READY_WARNING_MSG, category=RuntimeWarning)
    self.db.validate_no_broken_transaction()
    with self.db.wrap_database_errors:
        if params is None:
            # params default might be backend specific.
            return self.cursor.execute(sql)
        else:
            return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

项目的数据库配置 #

我的Django项目settings.py中数据库配置字典如下：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis',
        'NAME': '[name]',
        'USER': '[user]',
        'PASSWORD': '',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # localhost
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
}

数据库端的操作与报错 #

我尝试直接在数据库（数据目录位于/usr/local/pgsql/data）中手动执行扩展安装命令：

CREATE EXTENSION postgis;

但得到如下错误提示：

ERROR: extension "postgis" is not available.
Hint: The extension must first be installed on the system where PostgreSQL is running.

已执行的安装操作 #

我已经在系统层面（虚拟环境外）执行了以下安装命令：

• sudo apt install postgis
• sudo apt install postgresql-18
• sudo apt install ca-certificates gnupg
• 添加PostgreSQL官方源：

  curl https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/apt.postgresql.org.gpg >/dev/null
  sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'
  

执行apt search postgis时，系统显示对应PostgreSQL 18的PostGIS包已经安装：

postgresql-18-postgis-3/jammy-pgdg-testing,jammy-pgdg,now 3.6.1+dfsg-1.pgdg22.04+1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 18

postgresql-18-postgis-3-dbgsym/jammy-pgdg-testing,jammy-pgdg 3.6.1+dfsg-1.pgdg22.04+1 amd64
  debug symbols for postgresql-18-postgis-3

postgresql-18-postgis-3-scripts/jammy-pgdg-testing,jammy-pgdg,now 3.6.1+dfsg-1.pgdg22.04+1 all [installed,automatic]
  Geographic objects support for PostgreSQL 18 -- SQL scripts

现在的矛盾点是：明明apt显示已经安装了适配PostgreSQL 18的PostGIS扩展包，但数据库却始终找不到该扩展，进而导致Django迁移失败。有没有人遇到过类似情况，或者能指出问题出在哪里？