Great question! You’re right that the Java Sound API and standard Java libraries are built for audio capture/processing, not system-level device control like muting. Since this requires interacting with Windows' native audio infrastructure, here are the most reliable approaches to get this done:

1. Use JNA to Call Windows Core Audio APIs #

This is the most integrated approach—no external tools needed, just Java code that interacts directly with Windows' native audio interfaces via JNA (Java Native Access).

Step 1: Add JNA Dependencies #

First, include JNA in your project. If using Maven, add these to your pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>net.java.dev.jna</groupId>
    <artifactId>jna</artifactId>
    <version>5.13.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>net.java.dev.jna</groupId>
    <artifactId>jna-platform</artifactId>
    <version>5.13.0</version>
</dependency>

Step 2: Code to Mute/Unmute Microphones #

This example enumerates all active audio capture devices (microphones) and toggles their mute state:

import com.sun.jna.Native;
import com.sun.jna.Pointer;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.*;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.PointerByReference;

public class MicMuter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Initialize COM library for Windows audio APIs
        Ole32.INSTANCE.CoInitialize(null);

        try {
            MMDeviceEnumerator enumerator = MMDeviceEnumerator.INSTANCE;
            PointerByReference devicesRef = new PointerByReference();
            
            // Fetch all active audio capture devices
            enumerator.EnumAudioEndpoints(
                EDataFlow.eCapture,
                DEVICE_STATE.DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE,
                devicesRef
            );
            
            IMMDeviceCollection devices = new IMMDeviceCollection(devicesRef.getValue());
            int deviceCount = devices.GetCount();
            
            for (int i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++) {
                PointerByReference deviceRef = new PointerByReference();
                devices.Item(i, deviceRef);
                IMMDevice device = new IMMDevice(deviceRef.getValue());
                
                // Get the audio endpoint volume control interface
                PointerByReference volumeRef = new PointerByReference();
                device.Activate(
                    IAudioEndpointVolume.IID,
                    W32Consts.CLSCTX_ALL,
                    null,
                    volumeRef
                );
                
                IAudioEndpointVolume volume = new IAudioEndpointVolume(volumeRef.getValue());
                
                // Toggle mute state (replace !currentMute with true/false to set explicitly)
                boolean currentMute = volume.GetMute();
                volume.SetMute(!currentMute, null);
                
                // Clean up resources
                volume.Release();
                device.Release();
            }
            
            devices.Release();
        } finally {
            Ole32.INSTANCE.CoUninitialize();
        }
    }

    // JNA interfaces mapping Windows Core Audio APIs
    public interface MMDeviceEnumerator extends com.sun.jna.platform.win32.COM.COMInterface {
        MMDeviceEnumerator INSTANCE = Native.load("mmdevapi", MMDeviceEnumerator.class, W32APIOptions.DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
        
        void EnumAudioEndpoints(EDataFlow dataFlow, DEVICE_STATE stateMask, PointerByReference devices);
    }

    public interface IMMDeviceCollection extends com.sun.jna.platform.win32.COM.COMInterface {
        int GetCount();
        void Item(int index, PointerByReference device);
        void Release();
    }

    public interface IMMDevice extends com.sun.jna.platform.win32.COM.COMInterface {
        void Activate(Guid.IID iid, int clsCtx, Pointer activationParams, PointerByReference ppInterface);
        void Release();
    }

    public interface IAudioEndpointVolume extends com.sun.jna.platform.win32.COM.COMInterface {
        Guid.IID IID = new Guid.IID("{5CDF2C82-841E-4546-9722-0CF74078229A}");
        
        boolean GetMute();
        void SetMute(boolean mute, Pointer eventContext);
        void Release();
    }
}

2. Execute Windows PowerShell Commands #

If you prefer a simpler approach with minimal Java code, you can use PowerShell to control audio devices. This requires the AudioDeviceCmdlets module (install via Install-Module AudioDeviceCmdlets in PowerShell as an administrator first).

Code Example #

import java.io.IOException;

public class PowerShellMicMuter {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        // Mute all active microphones
        ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(
            "powershell.exe", "-Command",
            "Get-AudioDevice -List | Where-Object {$_.Type -eq 'Capture' -and $_.State -eq 'Active'} | Set-AudioDevice -Mute 1"
        );
        pb.inheritIO().start().waitFor();
        
        // To unmute, replace `-Mute 1` with `-Mute 0`
    }
}

3. Use a Third-Party Tool like NirCmd #

NirCmd is a lightweight Windows utility that lets you control system settings via command line. You can bundle it with your Java app and call it directly:

Code Example #

import java.io.IOException;

public class NirCmdMicMuter {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        // Mute the default microphone
        ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("nircmd.exe", "mutevolume", "mic", "1");
        pb.inheritIO().start().waitFor();
        
        // To unmute, replace "1" with "0"
        // To target a specific mic by name: "nircmd.exe setvolume \"Microphone Name\" mute 1"
    }
}

Key Notes #

• JNA Approach: Best for native integration, no external dependencies beyond JNA. You can extend the code to target specific devices by name/ID by adding logic to retrieve device properties.
• PowerShell/NirCmd: Simpler to implement, but relies on external tools/modules being present on the user's system.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ken Reid