基于NUT配置UPS电池供电时的停电通知及自动关机

阿华AIGC实验室

2026-5-19

Configuring Orvaldi KC2000 UPS with NUT on Debian 10 Buster

Hey there! Let's get your Orvaldi KC2000 set up with NUT so you get those critical GNOME notifications when the power cuts out, and your system auto-shuts down before the battery dies. Here's a step-by-step guide tailored to your setup:

1. Install NUT Packages

First, grab all the required NUT components from Debian's repos:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install nut nut-client nut-server

2. Confirm UPS Detection

Check if your USB-connected UPS is recognized by the system:

lsusb

You should see an entry for your Orvaldi KC2000 (look for labels like "Orvaldi" or "UPS"). The usbhid-ups driver (built into NUT) works with most USB UPSes, including this model.

3. Configure the UPS Driver

Edit the core UPS configuration file to define your device:

sudo nano /etc/nut/ups.conf

Add this section at the end:

[orvaldi-kc2000]
driver = usbhid-ups
port = auto
desc = "Orvaldi KC2000 2000VA/1400W"

Save and exit (Ctrl+O, Enter, Ctrl+X).

4. Set NUT to Standalone Mode

Since this is a single-machine setup, configure NUT to run in standalone mode:

sudo nano /etc/nut/nut.conf

Update the line to:

MODE=standalone

5. Configure Server Access & Monitoring User

First, allow local connections to the NUT server:

sudo nano /etc/nut/upsd.conf

Ensure these lines are present (uncomment if they're commented out):

LISTEN 127.0.0.1 3493
LISTEN ::1 3493

Next, create a monitoring user for the client to authenticate with:

sudo nano /etc/nut/upsd.users

Add this section (replace your-strong-password with a secure passphrase):

[monuser]
password = your-strong-password
upsmon master

6. Set Up Client Monitoring & Actions

Configure the upsmon client to watch the UPS and trigger alerts/shutdowns:

sudo nano /etc/nut/upsmon.conf

First, add the monitor entry (use the password you set earlier):

MONITOR orvaldi-kc2000@localhost 1 monuser your-strong-password master

Then, tweak the notification settings:

Point to our custom GNOME notification script (we'll build this next):
```
NOTIFYCMD /usr/local/bin/ups-notify.sh
```

Update flags to trigger actions on key events:

NOTIFYFLAG ONBATT SYSLOG+EXEC
NOTIFYFLAG LOWBATT SYSLOG+EXEC+SHUTDOWN
NOTIFYFLAG ONLINE SYSLOG+EXEC

Set shutdown behavior and polling frequency:

SHUTDOWNCMD "/sbin/shutdown -h +0"
MINSUPPLIES 1
POLLFREQ 5
POLLFREQALERT 1
NOCOMMWARNTIME 300

7. Build the GNOME Notification Script

Since NUT runs as root, we need a script to send notifications to your user's GNOME session. Create it with:

sudo nano /usr/local/bin/ups-notify.sh

Paste this content (replace your-username with your actual Debian login):

#!/bin/bash

# Get the user's DBus session address (required for GNOME notifications)
USER="your-username"
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=$(grep -z DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS /proc/$(pgrep -u $USER gnome-session)/environ | cut -d= -f2-)

# Export the DBus address so notify-send works
export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS

# Send appropriate notification based on the event
case $1 in
    ONBATT)
        su - $USER -c 'notify-send -u critical "UPS Alert" "Power outage detected! Running on battery."'
        ;;
    LOWBATT)
        su - $USER -c 'notify-send -u critical "UPS Alert" "Battery critically low! System will shut down immediately."'
        ;;
    ONLINE)
        su - $USER -c 'notify-send "UPS Alert" "Power restored! Running on mains."'
        ;;
esac

Make the script executable:

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ups-notify.sh

8. Start & Enable NUT Services

Enable and launch the NUT server and client to run on boot:

sudo systemctl enable --now nut-server nut-client

Verify they're running properly:

sudo systemctl status nut-server nut-client

9. Test the Setup

Power Loss Alert: Unplug the UPS from the wall. You should see a critical GNOME notification within 5 seconds.
Power Restoration Alert: Plug the UPS back in. A confirmation notification should pop up.
Auto-Shutdown Test (Optional): To simulate a low-battery shutdown (warning: this will turn off your system!), run:
```
sudo upsmon -c fsd
```