OpenSUSE系统下Python3.6下载及多版本切换问题咨询
Hey there! Let's work through your Python 3.6 installation and version switching issues on openSUSE step by step. First, let's clear up a couple of missteps from your earlier attempts:
- openSUSE uses
zypperas its default package manager, notyum—that's why your yum command failed. - The URL you added in YaST was a direct link to a Python source tarball, not a valid software repository. YaST needs a proper RPM repo source to pull packages from, hence the prompt to change the URL.
一、Python3.6的安装目录选择
方式1:通过官方仓库安装(推荐)
You can get Python 3.6 via openSUSE's official Python development repository. Packages installed this way will go into standard system directories, which avoids messing with system dependencies:
- 可执行文件:
/usr/bin/python3.6 - 库文件:
/usr/lib64/python3.6(64位系统)或/usr/lib/python3.6(32位系统)
操作步骤:
- 打开终端,添加官方Python开发仓库:
sudo zypper addrepo devel:languages:python
- 刷新仓库列表并安装Python 3.6:
sudo zypper refresh sudo zypper install python36
方式2:源码编译安装
If you prefer to compile from source, it's best to install Python 3.6 into the /usr/local directory (the standard spot for custom-installed software) to avoid overwriting system Python files. For example:
- 配置源码时指定
--prefix=/usr/local/python36,这样文件会被放在:- 可执行文件:
/usr/local/python36/bin/python3.6 - 库文件:
/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6
- 可执行文件:
绝对不要把自定义Python版本直接安装到/usr/bin——这会破坏依赖系统预装Python 2.7.5或3.3的系统工具。
二、切换到Python3.6的方法
方法1:使用update-alternatives(最稳妥)
这个工具可以帮你管理多个Python版本,同时不破坏系统默认配置:
- 将Python3.6添加到备选版本列表:
# 仓库安装的Python3.6 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 1 # 源码编译的Python3.6 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/local/python36/bin/python3.6 1
- 切换默认的
python3版本为3.6:
sudo update-alternatives --config python3
根据屏幕提示输入对应Python3.6的编号即可完成切换。
方法2:临时切换(仅当前终端会话有效)
如果只是单次会话需要使用Python3.6,直接调用它的可执行文件即可:
python3.6
或者临时调整PATH环境变量:
# 针对源码编译的Python3.6 export PATH=/usr/local/python36/bin:$PATH
方法3:永久切换(用户级生效)
编辑你的shell配置文件(比如~/.bashrc或~/.zshrc,取决于你使用的shell),添加别名:
# 仓库安装的Python3.6 alias python3='/usr/bin/python3.6' # 源码编译的Python3.6 alias python3='/usr/local/python36/bin/python3.6'
保存文件后,执行source ~/.bashrc(或对应配置文件路径)立即生效。之后打开新终端时,python3就会指向3.6版本。
三、满足Anaconda安装需求
快速说明:Anaconda自带独立的Python环境,所以它其实不严格依赖系统的Python版本。但如果你需要系统Python3.6可用,只要通过上面的方法确保python3指向3.6即可。
另外,安装Anaconda后,你也可以创建一个专门的Python3.6虚拟环境:
conda create -n py36_env python=3.6 conda activate py36_env
这样就能获得一个干净的、专用于项目的Python3.6环境。
内容的提问来源于stack exchange,提问作者Rhea




