部署Django应用执行collectstatic报错：找不到S3StaticStorage后端

问题现象 #

执行collectstatic命令时触发如下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/ubuntu/campmanager/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "/home/ubuntu/campmanager/manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 442, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 436, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 416, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 460, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/staticfiles/management/commands/collectstatic.py", line 184, in handle
    if self.is_local_storage() and self.storage.location:
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/staticfiles/management/commands/collectstatic.py", line 245, in is_local_storage
    return isinstance(self.storage, FileSystemStorage)
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 280, in __getattribute__
    value = super().__getattribute__(name)
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 251, in inner
    self._setup()
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/staticfiles/storage.py", line 542, in _setup
    self._wrapped = storages[STATICFILES_STORAGE_ALIAS]
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/files/storage/handler.py", line 34, in __getitem__
    storage = self.create_storage(params)
  File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/core/files/storage/handler.py", line 45, in create_storage
    raise InvalidStorageError(f"Could not find backend {backend!r}: {e}") from e
django.core.files.storage.handler.InvalidStorageError: Could not find backend 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3StaticStorage': Module "storages.backends.s3boto3" does not define a "S3StaticStorage" attribute/class

当前settings.py相关配置 #

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(CORE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = 'static/'

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = env('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')
AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN = '%s.s3.amazonaws.com' % AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME
AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = 'public-read'
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'
AWS_MEDIA_LOCATION = 'media-dev'
MEDIA_URL = 'https://%s/%s/' % (AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN, AWS_MEDIA_LOCATION)
S3_URL = 'https://%s/' % (AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN)
STORAGES = {
   "default": {
        "BACKEND" : "storages.backends.s3boto3.S3StaticStorage",
    },

    "staticfiles":  {
        "BACKEND" : "storages.backends.s3boto3.S3StaticStorage",
    },
}

解决方案 #

1. 修正存储类名称 #

报错核心是S3StaticStorage不存在——django-storages的s3boto3后端没有这个类，静态文件和媒体文件统一使用S3Boto3Storage。如需区分存储路径，通过OPTIONS配置location参数即可。

2. 调整后的完整配置 #

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(CORE_DIR, 'staticfiles')

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = env('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')
AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN = '%s.s3.amazonaws.com' % AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME
AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = 'public-read'

# 媒体文件存储配置
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'
AWS_MEDIA_LOCATION = 'media-dev'
MEDIA_URL = 'https://%s/%s/' % (AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN, AWS_MEDIA_LOCATION)

# 静态文件存储配置
AWS_STATIC_LOCATION = 'static-dev'
STATIC_URL = 'https://%s/%s/' % (AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN, AWS_STATIC_LOCATION)

STORAGES = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage",
    },
    "staticfiles": {
        "BACKEND": "storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "location": AWS_STATIC_LOCATION,
        },
    },
}

3. 确保依赖版本正确 #

执行以下命令升级django-storages并安装完整的boto3依赖：

pip install --upgrade django-storages[boto3]

完成以上调整后，重新执行collectstatic命令即可正常同步静态文件到S3桶。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jonas