Selenium Web Scraping：如何与Select2下拉选择框交互？

问题详情 #

使用Selenium进行网页抓取时，无法与Select2下拉选择框交互：

• 原生<select>元素（id为Lbl1）被标记为select2-hidden-accessible，处于隐藏状态
• 直接定位该元素执行SendKeys "1000-111"无响应
• 执行Click操作时抛出错误：Run-Time error 11 Element NotVisibleError element not interactable

组件HTML结构 #

点击前 #

<div class="form-group">
    <label class="control-label required" for="Lbl1"> Text Bla bla bla </label>
    <select id="Lbl1" name="Lbl2[Lbl3]" class="form-control select2-hidden-accessible" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"></select>
    <span class="select2 select2-container select2-container--default select2-container--focus" dir="ltr" style="width: 274.484px;">
        <span class="selection">
            <span class="select2-selection select2-selection--single" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="select2-Lbl1-container">
                <span class="select2-selection__rendered" id="select2-Lbl1-container" title="null"></span>
                <span class="select2-selection__arrow" role="presentation">
                    <b role="presentation"></b>
                </span>
            </span>
        </span>
        <span class="dropdown-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    </span>
</div>

点击后 #

<span class="select2 select2-container select2-container--default select2-container--below select2-container--open" dir="ltr" style="width: 274.484px;">
    <span class="selection">
        <span class="select2-selection select2-selection--single" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="select2-Lbl1-container" aria-owns="select2-Lbl1-results">
            <span class="select2-selection__rendered" id="select2-Lbl1-container" title="null"></span>
            <span class="select2-selection__arrow" role="presentation"><b role="presentation"></b></span>
        </span>
    </span>
    <span class="dropdown-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</span>

用户原VBA代码 #

Dim comboBox As Object
    
Set comboBox = gc.FindElementById("Lbl1")
comboBox.SendKeys "1000-111"

解决方案 #

Select2会隐藏原生<select>，必须操作其渲染后的可视化DOM元素，步骤如下：

1. 定位Select2的触发容器（带select2-selection--single类的span），点击打开下拉框
2. 定位下拉框内的搜索输入框（select2-search__field类），输入目标值
3. 选择匹配的结果项

修改后的VBA代码 #

Dim select2Trigger As Object
Dim searchInput As Object
Dim resultItem As Object

' 定位Select2触发按钮并点击打开下拉框
Set select2Trigger = gc.FindElementByCss(".select2-selection--single")
select2Trigger.Click

' 等待下拉框加载，定位搜索输入框并输入目标值
gc.Wait 2000
Set searchInput = gc.FindElementByCss(".select2-search__field")
searchInput.SendKeys "1000-111"

' 等待结果加载，选择匹配的选项
gc.Wait 1000
Set resultItem = gc.FindElementByCss(".select2-results__option[aria-selected='false']")
resultItem.Click

补充说明 #

• 若页面加载较慢，建议用显式等待替代固定等待时间，示例：

  Set wait = New WebDriverWait
  wait.Timeout = 10
  Set select2Trigger = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementIsVisible(By.CssSelector, ".select2-selection--single"))
  

• 若目标选项无需搜索直接存在，可跳过搜索步骤，直接定位对应选项点击

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Astos