安装pySurvival库时遭遇编译失败问题，请求协助解决

问题描述 #

我在尝试安装pySurvival库时碰到了编译失败的情况，终端抛出了一堆关于Python Unicode API废弃的警告，最后直接编译报错退出了。我本来是想顺利安装这个库，用它的生存分析相关方法，但现在卡在这一步完全不知道该怎么处理了。下面是完整的报错信息：

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:580:1: note: 'PyUnicode_AsUnicode' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode(

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

pysurvival/cpp_extensions/_non_parametric.cpp:9661:22: warning: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**name) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:264:8: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE'

PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op)))

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:451:35: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH'

#define PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length((PyObject*)op)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:445:1: note: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

pysurvival/cpp_extensions/_non_parametric.cpp:9661:52: warning: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**name) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:261:7: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE'

PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) :                    \

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:451:35: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH'

#define PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length((PyObject*)op)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:445:1: note: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

pysurvival/cpp_extensions/_non_parametric.cpp:9661:52: warning: 'PyUnicode_AsUnicode' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**name) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:262:14: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE'

((void)PyUnicode_AsUnicode(_PyObject_CAST(op)),\

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:580:1: note: 'PyUnicode_AsUnicode' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode(

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

pysurvival/cpp_extensions/_non_parametric.cpp:9661:52: warning: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**name) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:264:8: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE'

PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op)))

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:451:35: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH'

#define PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length((PyObject*)op)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:445:1: note: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

pysurvival/cpp_extensions/_non_parametric.cpp:9677:26: warning: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**argname) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:261:7: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE'

PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) :                    \

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:451:35: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH'

#define PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length((PyObject*)op)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:445:1: note: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

pysurvival/cpp_extensions/_non_parametric.cpp:9677:26: warning: 'PyUnicode_AsUnicode' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**argname) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:262:14: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE'

((void)PyUnicode_AsUnicode(_PyObject_CAST(op)),\

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:580:1: note: 'PyUnicode_AsUnicode' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode(

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

pysurvival/cpp_extensions/_non_parametric.cpp:9677:26: warning: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**argname) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:264:8: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE'

PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op)))

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:451:35: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH'

#define PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length((PyObject*)op)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:445:1: note: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

pysurvival/cpp_extensions/_non_parametric.cpp:9677:59: warning: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**argname) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:261:7: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE'

PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) :                    \

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:451:35: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH'

#define PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length((PyObject*)op)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:445:1: note: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

pysurvival/cpp_extensions/_non_parametric.cpp:9677:59: warning: 'PyUnicode_AsUnicode' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**argname) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:262:14: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE'

((void)PyUnicode_AsUnicode(_PyObject_CAST(op)),\

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:580:1: note: 'PyUnicode_AsUnicode' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3) PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode(

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

pysurvival/cpp_extensions/_non_parametric.cpp:9677:59: warning: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**argname) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:264:8: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_GET_SIZE'

PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op)))

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:451:35: note: expanded from macro 'PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH'

#define PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) _PyUnicode_get_wstr_length((PyObject*)op)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/cpython/unicodeobject.h:445:1: note: '_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length' has been explicitly marked deprecated here

Py_DEPRECATED(3.3)

^

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9/pyport.h:508:54: note: expanded from macro 'Py_DEPRECATED'

#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))

^

12 warnings and 2 errors generated.

error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit code 1

[end of output]

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

ERROR: Failed building wheel for pysurvival

Running setup.py clean for pysurvival

Failed to build pysurvival

解决方案建议 #

从报错信息来看，核心问题是pySurvival的C++扩展代码使用了Python 3.3就已经废弃的Unicode相关API（比如PyUnicode_AsUnicode、_PyUnicode_get_wstr_length），而你现在用的是Python 3.9，新版本的Python对这些废弃API的处理更严格，导致编译失败。这里有几个可行的解决方向：

1. 降级Python版本到兼容的版本

pySurvival的官方文档或者项目仓库里应该有标注兼容的Python版本，你可以尝试切换到Python 3.8及以下的版本（比如Python 3.7），然后重新安装。可以用pyenv这类工具来管理多个Python版本，切换起来很方便：

• 先安装pyenv，然后安装目标Python版本：pyenv install 3.7.16
• 切换到该版本：pyenv local 3.7.16
• 再执行pip install pysurvival

2. 安装预编译的wheel包

有些第三方库会提供预编译的wheel包，避免自己编译的麻烦。你可以尝试找对应系统和Python版本的wheel文件，直接安装：

• 先卸载之前的残留：pip uninstall -y pysurvival
• 找到合适的wheel文件后，执行pip install path/to/pysurvival-xxx.whl完成安装

3. 修改源码后本地编译

如果上面的方法都不行，你可以手动修改pySurvival的C++扩展代码，把废弃的API替换成Python 3.3