MacOS下Buildozer编译Android应用报错：C编译器无法生成可执行文件

在MacOS系统的Python 3.11虚拟环境中，使用Kivy 2.3.1、Buildozer 1.5.0、python-for-android 2024.01.21执行buildozer android debug命令时出现报错：

[DEBUG]:    configure: error: in `/Users/macbook/Documents/code/py/vmonfront/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/build/other_builds/python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/python3/android-build':
[DEBUG]:    configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
[DEBUG]:    See `config.log' for more details
Exception in thread background thread for pid 85320:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.11/3.11.12_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/threading.py", line 1045, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/python@3.11/3.11.12_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/threading.py", line 982, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/Users/macbook/Documents/code/py/vmonfront/venv311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/sh.py", line 1642, in wrap
    fn(*rgs, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/macbook/Documents/code/py/vmonfront/venv311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/sh.py", line 2647, in background_thread
    handle_exit_code(exit_code)
  File "/Users/macbook/Documents/code/py/vmonfront/venv311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/sh.py", line 2338, in fn
    return self.command.handle_command_exit_code(exit_code)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/macbook/Documents/code/py/vmonfront/venv311/lib/python3.11/site-packages/sh.py", line 823, in handle_command_exit_code
    raise exc
sh.ErrorReturnCode_77: 

  RAN: /Users/macbook/Documents/code/py/vmonfront/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/build/other_builds/python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/python3/configure --host=arm-linux-androideabi --build=aarch64-apple-darwin24.5.0 --enable-shared --enable-ipv6 ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no --without-ensurepip ac_cv_little_endian_double=yes ac_cv_header_sys_eventfd_h=no --prefix=/usr/local --exec-prefix=/usr/local --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions --with-build-python=/Users/macbook/Documents/code/py/vmonfront/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/build/other_builds/hostpython3/desktop/hostpython3/native-build/python3 --with-openssl=/Users/macbook/Documents/code/py/vmonfront/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a_armeabi-v7a/build/other_builds/openssl/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/openssl3.0.16

直接调用C编译器时输出如下，看起来编译器运行正常：

/Users/macbook/Library/Android/sdk/ndk/25.2.9519653/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/darwin-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi21-clang ; exit;
(base) macbook@JunCs-MacBook-Pro ~ % /Users/macbook/Library/Android/sdk/ndk/25.2.9519653/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/darwin-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi21-clang ; exit;
clang-14: error: no input files

Saving session...
...copying shared history...
...saving history...truncating history files...
...completed.

[Process completed]

附buildozer.spec文件内容：

[app]

# (str) Title of your application
title = Video Monitor Front

# (str) Package name
package.name = vmonfront

# (str) Package domain (needed for android/ios packaging)
package.domain = org.test

# (str) Source code where the main.py live
source.dir = .

# (list) Source files to include (let empty to include all the files)
source.include_exts = py,png,jpg,kv,atlas

# (str) Application versioning (method 1)
version = 0.1

# (list) Application requirements
# comma separated e.g. requirements = sqlite3,kivy
requirements = python3==3.11.12,kivy,pyjnius, openssl==3.0.16   
#,openssl==3.0.16,cryptography==42.0.8

#
android.skip_download = True
android.accept_sdk_license = True
android.ndk_version = 25b
android.sdk_version = 34
android.api = 34
android.minapi = 21
android.ndk_path = /Users/macbook/Library/Android/sdk/ndk/25.2.9519653
android.sdk_path = /Users/macbook/Library/Android/sdk
android.sdkmanager_path = /Users/macbook/Library/Android/sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin/sdkmanager
p4a.branch = develop
#android.archs = arm64-v8a
#android.extra_patches = patches/pyjnius_long_fix.patch:pyjnius

# (list) Supported orientations
# Valid options are: landscape, portrait, portrait-reverse or landscape-reverse
orientation = portrait


#
# OSX Specific
#

#
# author = © Copyright Info

# change the major version of python used by the app
osx.python_version = 3

# Kivy version to use
osx.kivy_version = 1.9.1

#
# Android specific
#

# (bool) Indicate if the application should be fullscreen or not
fullscreen = 
android.python = 3.11.12  # Explicitly set Python version

# (bool) enables Android auto backup feature (Android API >=23)
android.allow_backup = True

#
# Python for android (p4a) specific
#


#
# iOS specific
#

# (str) Path to a custom kivy-ios folder
#ios.kivy_ios_dir = ../kivy-ios
# Alternately, specify the URL and branch of a git checkout:
ios.kivy_ios_url = https://github.com/kivy/kivy-ios
ios.kivy_ios_branch = master

# Another platform dependency: ios-deploy
# Uncomment to use a custom checkout
#ios.ios_deploy_dir = ../ios_deploy
# Or specify URL and branch
ios.ios_deploy_url = https://github.com/phonegap/ios-deploy
ios.ios_deploy_branch = 1.10.0

# (bool) Whether or not to sign the code
ios.codesign.allowed = false

[buildozer]

# (int) Log level (0 = error only, 1 = info, 2 = debug (with command output))
log_level = 2

# (int) Display warning if buildozer is run as root (0 = False, 1 = True)
warn_on_root = 1

请问问题出在哪里？是配置问题吗？

从报错和配置来看，问题大概率出在NDK版本兼容性或交叉编译环境配置上，以下是具体排查和修复步骤：

1. 对齐python-for-android与NDK版本 #

你使用的python-for-android是2024.01.21版本，搭配的NDK是25b。虽然NDK25理论兼容，但develop分支的p4a可能对版本有更严格要求：

• 把android.ndk_version改成25c或26b，同步更新android.ndk_path到对应NDK目录
• 或者把p4a.branch从develop改成2024.01.21（和你当前p4a版本一致），避免开发分支的兼容性坑

2. 清理buildozer.spec中的冲突配置 #

• requirements里显式指定openssl==3.0.16可能和NDK交叉编译工具链冲突，先删掉这个指定，让p4a自动选择兼容版本
• 注释掉android.skip_download = True，让buildozer自动校验并下载依赖，避免手动路径配置导致的不匹配

3. 重置构建缓存 #

直接删除项目根目录下的.buildozer文件夹，清理之前的缓存构建文件，然后重新执行buildozer android debug，排除缓存残留问题

4. 查看config.log找具体原因 #

报错里提到的config.log是关键，找到对应路径下的这个文件，里面会记录configure时测试编译失败的具体细节（比如缺库、链接错误），能直接定位问题根源

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user938363