如何在LaTeX输出中为kableExtra表格添加样式？

问题原因 #

当使用kable_styling(latex_options = "striped")时，这个函数默认会给表格自动包裹一层table浮动环境，但你已经手动在代码里构建了table+subtable的嵌套浮动结构，LaTeX不允许浮动环境嵌套，因此触发报错：! LaTeX Error: Not in outer par mode.（中文翻译：LaTeX错误：不在外部段落模式。）

解决方案 #

给kable_styling添加position = ""参数，禁用它自动生成的浮动环境，让仅带条纹样式的表格内容直接嵌入你手动定义的subtable中。

修改后的核心代码：

t1 <- kbl(k1, booktabs = TRUE, format = 'latex') %>% 
  kable_styling(latex_options = "striped", position = "")  # 不再崩溃

完整可运行代码 #

---
title: "Table with kable styling options"
output: pdf_document
params:
  runs: 
  - Late
  - Early
date: "`r Sys.Date()`"
header-includes:
  - \\usepackage{subcaption}
---

```{r setup, echo=FALSE, include=FALSE}
library(kableExtra)
library(knitr)
library(rmarkdown)

k1 <- structure(list(year = c("2011", "2011", "2011", "2011", "2012", 
"2012", "2012", "2012"), race2 = c("Fall", "LateFall", "Spring", 
"Winter", "Fall", "LateFall", "Spring", "Winter"), total = c(67174, 
1395, 2720, 18126, 70213, 2448, 3590, 29537)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-8L))

caption_text1 <- paste("This table represents t1", paste(params$runs, collapse = ", "))

t1 <- kbl(k1, booktabs = TRUE, format = 'latex') %>% 
  kable_styling(latex_options = "striped", position = "")  # 正常运行

cat(sprintf("\\\\begin{table}[htb]
    \\\\caption{Global caption}
    \\\\centering
    \\\\begin{subtable}[t]{0.48\\\\textwidth}
        \\\\centering
        \\\\caption{%s}
        %s   
    \\\\end{subtable}%%
\\\\end{table}
", caption_text1, t1))

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Salvador