Ansible中能否用大括号批量安装同前缀apt软件包？

在Bash Shell中，以下两条apt命令执行效果完全等价：

apt install libreoffice-writer libreoffice-calc libreoffice-impress

apt install libreoffice-{writer,calc,impress}

第二种大括号展开语法能大幅减少重复输入，但将其直接迁移到Ansible 2.14.3的Playbook中时：

---

- hosts: employee
  become: true
  vars:
    supp_dist:
      - "Ubuntu"
      - "Debian"
    supp_dist_ver:
      - "24"
      - "12"

  tasks:
  - name: update client
    apt:
      update_cache: yes
    when: >
      ansible_distribution == "Ubuntu" and
      ansible_distribution_major_version in supp_dist_ver
  - name: install desktop for client
    apt:
      name:
        - xfce4
        - xfce4-goodies
        - libreoffice-gtk4
        - libreoffice-{writer,calc,impress,draw,formulas}
        - libreoffice-l10n-{de,eu,en-gb,uk}

会触发如下错误：

fatal: [test.vms.home.com]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "msg": "No package matching 'libreoffice-{writer,calc,impress' is available"}

原因说明 #

Ansible的apt模块不解析Bash的大括号展开语法，它会把带大括号的字符串当作完整的包名去查找，自然找不到对应软件包。

解决办法 #

1. 手动展开包列表

最直接的方式是把大括号展开的内容手动拆分成列表项：

- name: install desktop for client
  apt:
    name:
      - xfce4
      - xfce4-goodies
      - libreoffice-gtk4
      - libreoffice-writer
      - libreoffice-calc
      - libreoffice-impress
      - libreoffice-draw
      - libreoffice-formulas
      - libreoffice-l10n-de
      - libreoffice-l10n-eu
      - libreoffice-l10n-en-gb
      - libreoffice-l10n-uk

2. 利用Ansible变量生成展开后的列表

通过变量拼接生成完整包名列表，减少重复输入：

---

- hosts: employee
  become: true
  vars:
    supp_dist:
      - "Ubuntu"
      - "Debian"
    supp_dist_ver:
      - "24"
      - "12"
    libreoffice_components:
      - writer
      - calc
      - impress
      - draw
      - formulas
    libreoffice_l10n:
      - de
      - eu
      - en-gb
      - uk
    # 生成完整包名列表
    libreoffice_packages: "{{ ['libreoffice-gtk4'] + libreoffice_components | map('regex_replace', '^', 'libreoffice-') | list + libreoffice_l10n | map('regex_replace', '^', 'libreoffice-l10n-') | list }}"

  tasks:
  - name: update client
    apt:
      update_cache: yes
    when: >
      ansible_distribution == "Ubuntu" and
      ansible_distribution_major_version in supp_dist_ver
  - name: install desktop for client
    apt:
      name:
        - xfce4
        - xfce4-goodies
        - "{{ libreoffice_packages }}"

3. 使用shell模块执行apt命令（不推荐）

如果一定要用Bash的大括号展开，可以通过shell模块调用系统的apt命令，但这种方式会绕过Ansibleapt模块的幂等性检查（重复执行会重复尝试安装），仅在特殊场景下使用：

- name: install desktop for client via shell
  shell: apt install -y xfce4 xfce4-goodies libreoffice-gtk4 libreoffice-{writer,calc,impress,draw,formulas} libreoffice-l10n-{de,eu,en-gb,uk}
  become: true

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者rbaleksandar