R语言中RSelenium连接Chrome失败的问题及可行解决方案

我在学习R语言中使用Selenium时，编写了如下连接代码：

library(RSelenium)
library(wdman)
library(netstat)
library(rvest)

selenium_object <- selenium(retcommand = TRUE, check = FALSE)
Sys.sleep(3)

remote_driver <- rsDriver(browser = "chrome", 
                          chromever = "latest", 
                          verbose = FALSE, 
                          port = free_port(),
                          phantomver = NULL)

remDr <- remote_driver$client

url <- "https://www.reddit.com/r/PersonalFinanceCanada/comments/1llgjia/is_this_guy_trying_to_scam_me/"
remDr$navigate(url)
Sys.sleep(5)

运行后出现错误：

Could not open chrome browser.
Client error message:
Undefined error in httr call. httr output: Failed to connect to localhost port 14415 after 2229 ms: Couldn't connect to server
Check server log for further details.
Warning message:
In rsDriver(browser = "chrome", chromever = "latest", verbose = FALSE,  :
  Could not determine server status.

我的Google Chrome版本：

Chrome is up to date
Version 138.0.7204.50 (Official Build) (64-bit)

我手动下载了对应版本的chromedriver并解压，但运行binman::list_versions("chromedriver")仍只显示旧版本：

> binman::list_versions("chromedriver")
$win32
[1] "113.0.5672.63"  "114.0.5735.16"  "114.0.5735.90"  "119.0.6045.160"

附上sessionInfo信息：

> sessionInfo()
R version 4.4.1 (2024-06-14 ucrt)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64
Running under: Windows 11 x64 (build 22631)

Matrix products: default


locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_Canada.utf8  LC_CTYPE=English_Canada.utf8    LC_MONETARY=English_Canada.utf8 LC_NUMERIC=C                   
[5] LC_TIME=English_Canada.utf8    

time zone: America/Toronto
tzcode source: internal

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base      

other attached packages:
[1] rvest_1.0.4     netstat_0.1.2   wdman_0.2.6     RSelenium_1.7.9 duckdb_1.1.3-2  DBI_1.2.3       

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] jsonlite_1.8.8    gtable_0.3.5      dplyr_1.1.4       compiler_4.4.1    Rcpp_1.0.12       tidyselect_1.2.1  xml2_1.3.6       
 [8] bitops_1.0-9      assertthat_0.2.1  scales_1.3.0      yaml_2.3.8        fastmap_1.2.0     semver_0.2.0      ggplot2_3.5.1    
[15] R6_2.5.1          generics_0.1.3    patchwork_1.2.0   curl_5.2.1        knitr_1.49        tibble_3.2.1      munsell_0.5.1    
[22] pillar_1.9.0      rlang_1.1.4       utf8_1.2.4        xfun_0.50         caTools_1.18.3    cli_3.6.2         magrittr_2.0.3   
[29] ps_1.7.6          processx_3.8.4    digest_0.6.35     grid_4.4.1        rstudioapi_0.16.0 rappdirs_0.3.3    lifecycle_1.0.4  
[36] vctrs_0.6.5       evaluate_0.24.0   glue_1.8.0        fansi_1.0.6       colorspace_2.1-0  rmarkdown_2.27    binman_0.1.3     
[43] httr_1.4.7        tools_4.4.1       pkgconfig_2.0.3   htmltools_0.5.8.1

最终通过以下两种方法成功解决问题：

方法一：使用chromote包 #

library(chromote)
library(rvest)

myfun <- function(n = 5) {
    b <- ChromoteSession$new()
    b$Page$navigate("https://www.reddit.com/search/?q=toronto")
    Sys.sleep(8)

    html <- b$Runtime$evaluate("document.documentElement.outerHTML")$result$value
    b$close()

    urls <- read_html(html) %>% 
        html_elements('a[href*="/comments/"]') %>%
        html_attr('href') %>%
        head(n)

    ifelse(grepl("^/", urls), paste0("https://www.reddit.com", urls), urls)
}

res <- myfun(5)

方法二：使用selenider包 #

library(selenider)

myfun <- function(n = 5) {
   session <- selenider_session("chromote")
   open_url("https://www.reddit.com/search/?q=toronto")
   Sys.sleep(8)
   
   elements <- ss('a[href*="/comments/"]')
   urls <- sapply(elements, function(elem) {
       elem_attr(elem, "href")
   })
   urls <- head(urls, n)
   
   close_session()
   ifelse(grepl("^/", urls), paste0("https://www.reddit.com", urls), urls)
}

res <- myfun(5)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者farrow90