如何用MSBuild打包IronRuby项目生成可执行文件？

问题背景 #

我有一个用IronRuby在SharpDevelop中创建的MyProject.sln解决方案，需要打包成.exe文件。按网上教程下载了MSBuild 14.0后，在管理员命令行执行了以下命令：

C:\windows\system32>cd C:\Users\UserName\myproject
Users\UserName\myproject>"C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe" MyProject.sln /p:Configuration=Release

执行后输出显示构建成功：

Build projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel building, add the "/m" parameter.
Project "C:\Users\UserName\myproject\MyProject.sln" in node 1 (target objects by default)
ValidateSolutionConfiguration:
   Creating a "Release |Any CPU" solution configuration
The project "C:\Users\UserName\myproject\MyProject.sln" built (target objects by default)
The build has completed successfully
Warnings: 0 
Errors: 0

但始终没有生成.exe文件，附上我的.rbproj文件内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" DefaultTargets="Build">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <ProjectGuid>{A0054952-C176-4FBC-A53F-0DD691E6F33E}</ProjectGuid>
    <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Release' ">Release</Configuration>
    <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
    <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
    <RootNamespace>my_project</RootNamespace>
    <AssemblyName>my-project</AssemblyName>
    <MainFile>Program.rb</MainFile>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Platform)' == 'AnyCPU' ">
    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">
    <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
    <DebugSymbols>True</DebugSymbols>
    <DebugType>Full</DebugType>
    <Optimize>False</Optimize>
    <DebugInfo>True</DebugInfo>
    <StartArguments>--disable-gems -D Program.rb</StartArguments>
    <StartWorkingDirectory>.</StartWorkingDirectory>
    <StartAction>Program</StartAction>
    <StartProgram>C:\Program Files (x86)\SharpDevelop\4.4\bin\..\AddIns\BackendBindings\RubyBinding\ir.exe</StartProgram>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Release' ">
    <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
    <DebugSymbols>False</DebugSymbols>
    <DebugType>None</DebugType>
    <Optimize>True</Optimize>
    <StartArguments>--disable-gems Program.rb</StartArguments>
    <StartWorkingDirectory>.</StartWorkingDirectory>
    <StartAction>Program</StartAction>
    <StartProgram>C:\Program Files (x86)\SharpDevelop\4.4\bin\..\AddIns\BackendBindings\RubyBinding\ir.exe</StartProgram>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Reference Include="IronRuby">
      <HintPath>C:\Program Files %28x86%29\SharpDevelop\4.4\bin\..\AddIns\BackendBindings\RubyBinding\IronRuby.dll</HintPath>
    </Reference>
    <Reference Include="mscorlib" />
    <Reference Include="System" />
    <Reference Include="System.Data" />
    <Reference Include="System.Drawing" />
    <Reference Include="System.Windows.Forms" />
    <Reference Include="System.Xml" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Compile Include="Form1.rb" />
    <Compile Include="Form2.rb" />
    <Compile Include="Form3.rb" />
    <Compile Include="MainForm.rb" />
    <Compile Include="Program.rb" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <EmbeddedResource Include="Form1.resx">
      <DependentUpon>Form1.rb</DependentUpon>
    </EmbeddedResource>
    <EmbeddedResource Include="Form2.resx">
      <DependentUpon>Form2.rb</DependentUpon>
    </EmbeddedResource>
    <EmbeddedResource Include="MainForm.resx">
      <DependentUpon>MainForm.rb</DependentUpon>
    </EmbeddedResource>
  </ItemGroup>
  <Target Name="Build" />
</Project>

解决步骤 #

1. 修复.rbproj中的空Build目标 #

你的.rbproj里的<Target Name="Build" />是空节点，MSBuild执行时根本没做实际的编译工作。替换这个节点为以下内容：

<Target Name="Build">
  <!-- 配置IronRuby工具路径，根据你的SharpDevelop安装路径调整 -->
  <PropertyGroup>
    <IronRubyDir>C:\Program Files (x86)\SharpDevelop\4.4\AddIns\BackendBindings\RubyBinding</IronRubyDir>
    <IrcExePath>$(IronRubyDir)\irc.exe</IrcExePath>
    <OutputAssembly>$(OutputPath)$(AssemblyName).exe</OutputAssembly>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <!-- 调用IronRuby编译器irc.exe生成可执行文件 -->
  <Exec Command="&quot;$(IrcExePath)&quot; --compile --output=&quot;$(OutputAssembly)&quot; --target=$(OutputType) $(MainFile) @(Compile->'&quot;%(FullPath)&quot;')" />

  <!-- 复制依赖的IronRuby核心库到输出目录 -->
  <Copy SourceFiles="$(IronRubyDir)\IronRuby.dll" DestinationFolder="$(OutputPath)" />
  <Copy SourceFiles="$(IronRubyDir)\IronRuby.Libraries.dll" DestinationFolder="$(OutputPath)" />
  <Copy SourceFiles="$(IronRubyDir)\Microsoft.Scripting.dll" DestinationFolder="$(OutputPath)" />
  <Copy SourceFiles="$(IronRubyDir)\Microsoft.Scripting.Core.dll" DestinationFolder="$(OutputPath)" />
</Target>

注意：如果你的SharpDevelop安装路径不同，要修改IronRubyDir的值，确保指向正确的IronRuby插件目录。

2. 重新运行MSBuild命令 #

再次执行之前的构建命令：

cd C:\Users\UserName\myproject
"C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe" MyProject.sln /p:Configuration=Release

完成后，你会在C:\Users\UserName\myproject\bin\Release目录下找到my-project.exe，以及运行所需的依赖DLL。

3. 可选：打包成单文件或MSI安装包 #

• 单文件打包：用ILMerge工具把所有依赖合并成一个独立.exe，命令示例：

  ILMerge.exe /out:MyProjectSingle.exe /target:winexe my-project.exe IronRuby.dll IronRuby.Libraries.dll Microsoft.Scripting.dll Microsoft.Scripting.Core.dll
  

• MSI安装包：可以用Visual Studio的安装项目模板，或者WiX Toolset，把.exe和依赖文件打包成MSI，方便分发。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mila1803