Python中安装PyTorch失败求助：提示python313.dll缺失及编译错误

问题背景 #

执行pip install pytorch时触发编译错误，同时弹出python313.dll缺失提示，已更新Microsoft VC++ 2015-2022运行库并重启，问题未解决。

执行命令 #

pip install pytorch

错误详情 #

终端日志 #

Collecting pytorch
Using cached pytorch-1.0.2.tar.gz (689 bytes)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 3221225781
╰─> [0 lines of output]
[end of output]

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 3221225781
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

系统弹窗 #

无法继续执行代码，因为找不到python313.dll。重新安装程序可能会解决此问题。

修复步骤 #

1. 替换为PyTorch官方预编译包安装命令
   pip install pytorch会拉取过时的源码包尝试本地编译，这是错误根源。使用对应环境的预编译包命令：

   • CPU版本：

     pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu
     

   • CUDA 12.1版本：

     pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu121
     

   （根据实际CUDA版本调整cu121为cu118/cu124等对应标签）

2. 修复python313.dll缺失

   • 确认Python安装目录已添加至系统PATH环境变量，且该目录下存在python313.dll
   • 若dll缺失，下载与当前Python版本、架构（32/64位）完全匹配的安装包，执行修复安装（保留现有环境）
   • 修复后仍异常的话，复制Python安装目录下的python313.dll到C:\Windows\System32（64位系统）或C:\Windows\SysWOW64（32位系统）

3. 验证安装有效性
   运行以下代码确认PyTorch正常工作：

   import torch
   print(torch.__version__)
   print(torch.cuda.is_available())
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者tongu ram