Fedora 41下构建Rust项目遇alsa-sys v0.3.1编译失败，如何解决？

架构老林

2026-6-12

问题描述

我有一个Rust项目，构建时出现以下错误：

error: failed to run custom build command for `alsa-sys v0.3.1`

Caused by:
  process didn't exit successfully: `/home/raj/Coding/rust/storybook-gpui/target/debug/build/alsa-sys-27968714bcc42d62/build-script-build` (exit status: 101)
  --- stdout
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=ALSA_NO_PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=ALSA_STATIC
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=ALSA_DYNAMIC
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_ALL_STATIC
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_ALL_DYNAMIC
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR

  --- stderr

  thread 'main' panicked at /home/raj/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/alsa-sys-0.3.1/build.rs:13:18:

  pkg-config exited with status code 1
  > PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_SYSTEM_LIBS=1 PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_SYSTEM_CFLAGS=1 pkg-config --libs --cflags alsa

  The system library `alsa` required by crate `alsa-sys` was not found.
  The file `alsa.pc` needs to be installed and the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable must contain its parent directory.
  The PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable is not set.

  HINT: if you have installed the library, try setting PKG_CONFIG_PATH to the directory containing `alsa.pc`.

  note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
warning: build failed, waiting for other jobs to finish...

系统为Fedora 41，已安装alsa-lib，但找不到alsa.pc文件，已有的alsa相关文件如下：

➜  storybook-gpui git:(main) ls /usr/lib64/alsa-lib 
libasound_module_ctl_pipewire.so  libasound_module_pcm_pipewire.so

➜  storybook-gpui git:(main) ls /usr/lib/alsa/     
init

➜  storybook-gpui git:(main) ls /usr/lib/alsa/init 
00main  ca0106  default  hda  help  info  test

系统信息：

✗ lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    :core-5.0-amd64:core-5.0-noarch
Distributor ID: Fedora
Description:    Fedora release 41 (Forty One)
Release:        41
Codename:       FortyOne

请问如何修复此错误？

解决方案

在Fedora系统中，alsa.pc文件属于alsa-lib-devel开发包，而非基础的alsa-lib包，执行以下命令安装：
```
sudo dnf install alsa-lib-devel
```
验证文件是否存在：安装完成后，alsa.pc通常位于/usr/lib64/pkgconfig/目录，可用以下命令确认：
```
ls /usr/lib64/pkgconfig/alsa.pc
```
重新构建项目：此时pkg-config可自动找到配置文件，直接运行构建命令：
```
cargo build
```
若仍无法识别，可临时设置环境变量后再构建：
```
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib64/pkgconfig/
cargo build
```

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user51