CLion配置Qt WebAssembly项目CMake失败的问题及解决方法

问题背景 #

我用Qt for WebAssembly开发的小型应用在控制台和Qt Creator中构建运行正常，但切换到CLion作为主IDE时，CMake配置始终失败。相同项目在旧Ubuntu机器上运行无此问题。

已执行的配置操作 #

1. 工具链环境配置 #

在工具链中引入环境文件，设置C/C++编译器，环境变量如下：

export EMSDK=/home/emmynoether/emsdk
export EM_CONFIG=/home/emmynoether/emsdk/.emscripten
export QMAKESPEC=wasm-emscripten
export QT_WEBASSEMBLY_ROOT_PATH=/home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread
export PATH="/home/emmynoether/emsdk/upstream/emscripten:/home/emmynoether/emsdk/node/22.16.0_64bit/bin:$PATH"

2. CMake选项设置 #

指定Host和Target Qt的CMake参数：

-DQt6_DIR=/home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread/lib/cmake/Qt6
-DQT_HOST_PATH=/home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/gcc_64

错误信息 #

执行CMake配置后出现以下错误：

/home/emmynoether/Downloads/clion-2025.1.3/bin/cmake/linux/x64/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM=ninja -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/home/emmynoether/emsdk/upstream/emscripten/emcc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/home/emmynoether/emsdk/upstream/emscripten/em++ -DQt6_DIR=/home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread/lib/cmake/Qt6 -DQT_HOST_PATH=/home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/gcc_64 -G Ninja -S /home/emmynoether/Dokumente/Webseite/MaterialStack -B /home/emmynoether/Dokumente/Webseite/MaterialStack/cmake-build-default-qt-webassembly
-- The CXX compiler identification is Clang 19.0.0
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - failed
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /home/emmynoether/emsdk/upstream/emscripten/em++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /home/emmynoether/emsdk/upstream/emscripten/em++ - works
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER = /home/emmynoether/emsdk/upstream/emscripten/em++
-- ENV EMSDK = /home/emmynoether/emsdk
-- ENV EM_CONFIG = /home/emmynoether/emsdk/.emscripten
-- PATH = /home/emmynoether/emsdk/upstream/emscripten:/home/emmynoether/emsdk/node/22.16.0_64bit/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/home/emmynoether/.dotnet/tools:/home/emmynoether/Downloads/clion-2025.1.3/bin/ninja/linux/x64
-- Qt6_DIR   = /home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread/lib/cmake/Qt6
-- HOME  = /home/emmynoether
CMake Warning at /home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread/lib/cmake/Qt6/QtFindWrapHelper.cmake:69 (find_package):
 By not providing "FindQt6BundledZLIB.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this
 project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by
 "Qt6BundledZLIB", but CMake did not find one.

 Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt6BundledZLIB"
 with any of the following names:

   Qt6BundledZLIBConfig.cmake
   qt6bundledzlib-config.cmake

 Add the installation prefix of "Qt6BundledZLIB" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
 "Qt6BundledZLIB_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files.  If
 "Qt6BundledZLIB" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it
 has been installed.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
 /home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread/lib/cmake/Qt6/FindWrapZLIB.cmake:6 (qt_find_package_system_or_bundled)
 /home/emmynoether/Downloads/clion-2025.1.3/bin/cmake/linux/x64/share/cmake-3.31/Modules/CMakeFindDependencyMacro.cmake:76 (find_package)
 /home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread/lib/cmake/Qt6/QtPublicDependencyHelpers.cmake:36 (find_dependency)
 /home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread/lib/cmake/Qt6Core/Qt6CoreDependencies.cmake:38 (_qt_internal_find_third_party_dependencies)
 /home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread/lib/cmake/Qt6Core/Qt6CoreConfig.cmake:45 (include)
 /home/emmynoether/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread/lib/cmake/Qt6/Qt6Config.cmake:196 (find_package)
 CMakeLists.txt:16 (find_package)

解决方案 #

问题根源在于预编译的Qt for WebAssembly包未包含bundled ZLIB的CMake配置文件，需从源码编译Qt并添加-qt-zlib参数：

# 激活Emscripten环境
source /home/emmynoether/emsdk/emsdk_env.sh

# 创建编译目录并进入
mkdir -p $HOME/qt-build && cd $HOME/qt-build

# 设置Host Qt路径
export QT_HOST_PATH=$HOME/Qt/6.8.3/gcc_64  

# 克隆Qt 6.8.3源码
git clone --depth 1 --branch v6.8.3 https://code.qt.io/qt/qt5.git qt6-src
cd qt6-src

# 拉取所有子模块
git submodule sync              
git submodule update --init --recursive

# 配置Qt编译参数
./configure \
-xplatform wasm-emscripten \
-prefix $HOME/Qt/6.8.3/wasm_singlethread \
-opensource -confirm-license \
-nomake tests -nomake examples \
-skip qtwebengine \
-qt-zlib \
-release \
-opengl es2     

# 编译并安装Qt
cmake --build . --parallel $(nproc)
cmake --install .

编译安装完成后，CLion中的CMake配置即可正常运行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Suslik