Ubuntu LTS替换Windows 11及D盘挂载为/home/d的磁盘分区与交换分区创建详细步骤咨询

Hey there, I get that the initial answer glossed over the detailed partitioning and swap setup—let's fix that with a step-by-step breakdown, including the kind of interface details you'd get from screenshots. First, critical reminder: back up everything on your D drive (and any important Windows files on C) before touching anything—disk operations can go wrong if you rush!

一、前期准备（快速回顾） #

• Make sure you've got your bootable Ubuntu LTS USB ready (using Rufus/Etcher as mentioned)
• Boot into the USB by changing your BIOS/UEFI boot order to prioritize the USB drive

二、手动磁盘分区（替换C盘的Windows 11） #

When you reach the "Installation type" screen, do NOT select "Erase disk and install Ubuntu"—we need manual control here. Instead, pick "Something else" and click Continue. You'll see a list of all your disks:

• Your C drive is the 256GB SSD (look for the label or size, it'll have existing Windows partitions like EFI, Recovery, and the main NTFS partition)
• Your D drive is the 1TB HDD (the large NTFS partition with your images/videos)

Step 1: Wipe the C drive's existing partitions #

• Select each partition on the 256GB SSD (one by one) and click the "-" button at the bottom to delete them. This will turn the entire SSD into unallocated space.
• Confirm each deletion when prompted—this removes Windows 11 entirely.

Step 2: Create Ubuntu's system partitions on the SSD #

We'll create two essential partitions here (EFI and root—since you want to use D drive for /home/d, a separate /home partition isn't necessary):

1. EFI System Partition (required for UEFI boot):
   • Select the unallocated space on the SSD, click "+"
   • Set "Size" to 512MB
   • Set "Type for the new partition" to Primary
   • Set "Location for the new partition" to Beginning of this space
   • Set "Use as" to EFI System Partition
   • Click OK
2. Root Partition (/) (where Ubuntu system files live):
   • Select the remaining unallocated space on the SSD, click "+"
   • Set "Size" to the entire remaining space (256GB minus 512MB is more than enough for the system)
   • Set "Type for the new partition" to Primary
   • Set "Location" to Beginning of this space
   • Set "Use as" to Ext4 journaling file system
   • Set "Mount point" to / (forward slash)
   • Click OK

三、创建交换分区（Swap Memory） #

Swap acts as virtual memory—here are two reliable ways to set it up:

Option 1: Dedicated Swap Partition (during installation) #

• For faster swap performance, use a small portion of the SSD; if you want to preserve SSD lifespan, use the HDD instead.
• Select unallocated space (either on SSD or HDD), click "+"
• Set "Size" based on your RAM:
  • If you have ≤8GB RAM: set swap to 2x your RAM (e.g., 8GB RAM → 16GB swap)
  • If you have ≥16GB RAM: set swap to 8GB (or equal to your RAM if you use hibernation)
• Set "Type for the new partition" to Primary
• Set "Location" to Beginning of this space
• Set "Use as" to swap area
• Click OK

Option 2: Swap File (post-installation, more flexible) #

If you don't want to create a partition during install, you can set up a swap file after Ubuntu is running:

1. Open Terminal (search "Terminal" in the applications menu)
2. Create an 8GB swap file (adjust the size as needed):

   sudo fallocate -l 8G /swapfile
   

3. Restrict access to the swap file for security:

   sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
   

4. Format the file as swap:

   sudo mkswap /swapfile
   

5. Enable the swap file immediately:

   sudo swapon /swapfile
   

6. Make it permanent across reboots by editing the /etc/fstab file:

   sudo nano /etc/fstab
   

   Add this line at the end of the file:

   /swapfile none swap sw 0 0
   

   Save the file (press Ctrl+O), exit the editor (press Ctrl+X), then reboot to confirm it works.

四、挂载D盘为/home/d（两种方式） #

Option 1: Mount During Installation #

While still in the "Something else" partitioning screen:

• Select your D drive's NTFS partition (the large one with your existing data)
• Click "Change"
• Set "Use as" to NTFS (do NOT format it—this preserves your files!)
• Set "Mount point" to /home/d
• Click OK
• At the bottom of the partitioning screen, ensure "Device for boot loader installation" is set to your SSD's EFI partition (it'll be labeled as /dev/sda1 or similar, the 512MB partition)
• Click "Install Now" and follow the remaining setup steps (timezone, user account, etc.)

Option 2: Mount Post-Installation #

If you skipped mounting during install, do this after booting into Ubuntu:

1. Open Terminal and find your D drive's UUID (this ensures consistent mounting even if disk labels change):

   sudo blkid
   

   Look for the line with your 1TB HDD—it will look like:

   /dev/sdb1: UUID="abc123-def456-ghi789" TYPE="ntfs"
   

   Copy the UUID string (without the quotes)
2. Create the mount point:

   sudo mkdir /home/d
   

3. Set permissions so your user can access the drive without sudo:

   sudo chown $USER:$USER /home/d
   

4. Edit the /etc/fstab file to make the mount permanent:

   sudo nano /etc/fstab
   

   Add this line at the end (replace <UUID> with your copied UUID):

   UUID=<UUID> /home/d ntfs defaults,uid=$UID,gid=$GID 0 0
   

5. Save and exit the editor, then test the mount to check for errors:

   sudo mount -a
   

   If no errors appear, reboot to confirm the drive mounts automatically.

五、Final Checks #

After rebooting:

• Open Files (the file manager) and you should see /home/d listed on the left, with all your D drive's data intact
• Verify swap is working: run sudo swapon --show in Terminal—you should see your swap partition or file listed
• Confirm Ubuntu boots correctly from the SSD

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Arijit