Python按布尔条件筛选字典并打印投票者名称报错求助

问题说明 #

我先创建了参与者元组，接着为每个参与者创建包含多项属性的字典（最后一个键voted为布尔类型），随后将所有参与者字典存入survey_data元组。但在实现仅打印已投票参与者名称的代码（1.4部分）时出现报错，无法正常运行。

报错信息 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'builtin_function_or_method' object is not subscriptable

原代码 #

#1.1)
participants = ("theo", "anna", "aya", "noah", "jim")

#1.2)
dico = {}
theo = {"name" : "theo", "age" : 23, "town" : "uccle", "ideology" : "conservative", "voted" : False}
anna = {"name" : "anna", "age" : 22, "town" : "ixelles", "ideology" : "centrist", "voted" : True}
aya = {"name" : "aya", "age" : 20, "town" : "bruxelles", "ideology" : "socialist", "voted" : True}
noah = {"name" : "noah", "age" : 22, "town" : "st_gilles", "ideology" : "socialist", "voted" : False}
jim = {"name" : "jim", "age" : 21, "town" : "etterbeek", "ideology" : "liberal", "voted" : True}

# 1.3)
survey_data = (theo, anna, aya, noah, jim)

# 1.4)
for [theo, anna, aya, noah, jim] in survey_data:
    if [theo, anna, aya, noah, jim] ["voted": True]:
        var = print [theo, anna, aya, noah, jim]

错误分析 #

1. 循环遍历语法错误：survey_data中的每个元素是单个参与者字典，循环时不需要用列表解构[theo, anna, aya, noah, jim]，这会导致Python尝试将单个字典拆解成5个元素，完全不符合数据结构。正确做法是遍历每个字典元素，用单个变量接收。
2. 条件判断语法错误：[theo, anna, aya, noah, jim] ["voted": True]是完全错误的写法，判断是否已投票应该检查字典中voted键对应的布尔值，即participant["voted"]。
3. print调用错误：Python3中print是函数，必须用括号调用；且你需要打印的是参与者的name属性，不是整个字典或列表。

修正后的代码 #

#1.1)
participants = ("theo", "anna", "aya", "noah", "jim")

#1.2)
theo = {"name" : "theo", "age" : 23, "town" : "uccle", "ideology" : "conservative", "voted" : False}
anna = {"name" : "anna", "age" : 22, "town" : "ixelles", "ideology" : "centrist", "voted" : True}
aya = {"name" : "aya", "age" : 20, "town" : "bruxelles", "ideology" : "socialist", "voted" : True}
noah = {"name" : "noah", "age" : 22, "town" : "st_gilles", "ideology" : "socialist", "voted" : False}
jim = {"name" : "jim", "age" : 21, "town" : "etterbeek", "ideology" : "liberal", "voted" : True}

# 1.3)
survey_data = (theo, anna, aya, noah, jim)

# 1.4) 修正后的代码
for participant in survey_data:
    if participant["voted"]:
        print(participant["name"])

运行结果 #

执行后会输出所有已投票的参与者名称：

anna
aya
jim

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Malixa