Scrapy 2.11.0未生成HTML文件问题排查求助

使用Scrapy 2.11.0编写QuotesSpider爬虫，逻辑为请求指定URL并将响应内容写入HTML文件，但运行后未生成预期文件，日志显示爬虫未抓取任何页面。

示例代码 #

from pathlib import Path

import scrapy


class QuotesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "quotes"

    async def start(self):
        urls = [
            "https://quotes.toscrape.com/page/1/",
            "https://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/",
        ]
        for url in urls:
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)

    def parse(self, response):
        page = response.url.split("/")[-2]
        filename = f"quotes-{page}.html"
        Path(filename).write_bytes(response.body)
        self.log(f"Saved file {filename}")

运行日志 #

(scrapy) (base) cal@i5:/mnt/sdb1/computers/studies/python/scrapy$ scrapy runspider spider.py 
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 2.11.0 started (bot: scrapybot)
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.9.3.0, libxml2 2.10.3, cssselect 1.2.0, parsel 1.8.1, w3lib 2.1.2, Twisted 22.10.0, Python 3.10.12 (main, Nov  4 2025, 08:48:33) [GCC 11.4.0], pyOpenSSL 23.2.0 (OpenSSL 3.1.3 19 Sep 2023), cryptography 41.0.4, Platform Linux-5.15.0-161-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.addons] INFO: Enabled addons:
[]
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [py.warnings] WARNING: /home/cal/.local/share/virtualenvs/scrapy-93O4ahoc/lib/python3.10/site-packages/scrapy/utils/request.py:254: ScrapyDeprecationWarning: '2.6' is a deprecated value for the 'REQUEST_FINGERPRINTER_IMPLEMENTATION' setting.

It is also the default value. In other words, it is normal to get this warning if you have not defined a value for the 'REQUEST_FINGERPRINTER_IMPLEMENTATION' setting. This is so for backward compatibility reasons, but it will change in a future version of Scrapy.

See the documentation of the 'REQUEST_FINGERPRINTER_IMPLEMENTATION' setting for information on how to handle this deprecation.
  return cls(crawler)

2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.utils.log] DEBUG: Using reactor: twisted.internet.epollreactor.EPollReactor
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password: 591c4481bdab1e25
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
 'scrapy.extensions.memusage.MemoryUsage',
 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings:
{'SPIDER_LOADER_WARN_ONLY': True}
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'elapsed_time_seconds': 0.001794,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2025, 12, 3, 13, 54, 27, 614893, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc),
 'log_count/DEBUG': 1,
 'log_count/INFO': 10,
 'log_count/WARNING': 1,
 'memusage/max': 61599744,
 'memusage/startup': 61599744,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2025, 12, 3, 13, 54, 27, 613099, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)}
2025-12-03 15:54:27 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

核心错误是将Scrapy爬虫的起始请求方法命名为start，而Scrapy框架只会自动识别并调用名为start_requests的方法（或者使用start_urls属性定义起始URL）。自定义的start方法不会被框架触发，因此爬虫没有发起任何HTTP请求，自然不会生成HTML文件。

只需将方法名从start改为start_requests即可，异步定义可保留（Scrapy 2.11支持异步爬虫）：

from pathlib import Path

import scrapy


class QuotesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "quotes"

    async def start_requests(self):
        urls = [
            "https://quotes.toscrape.com/page/1/",
            "https://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/",
        ]
        for url in urls:
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)

    def parse(self, response):
        page = response.url.split("/")[-2]
        filename = f"quotes-{page}.html"
        Path(filename).write_bytes(response.body)
        self.log(f"Saved file {filename}")

修改后重新运行scrapy runspider spider.py，爬虫会正常发起请求，日志会显示抓取了2个页面，同时当前目录下会生成quotes-1.html和quotes-2.html两个文件。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者crawlingdev