在Anaconda Spyder中安装petitRADTRANS失败的解决求助

问题背景 #

我通过Anaconda安装了Spyder，想要使用petitRADTRANS包。按照指引，已在Spyder的IPython控制台和Anaconda Prompt中执行pip install numpy meson-python ninja并成功安装，随后执行pip install petitRADTRANS --no-build-isolation却持续报错：

WARNING: Failed to activate VS environment: Could not parse vswhere.exe output
Project name: petitRADTRANS
Project version: 3.2.0

..\meson.build:3:0: ERROR: Unknown compiler(s): [['icl'], ['cl'], ['cc'], ['gcc'], ['clang'], ['clang-cl'], ['pgcc']]
The following exception(s) were encountered:
Running `icl ""` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `cl /?` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `cc --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `gcc --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `clang --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `clang-cl /?` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
Running `pgcc --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"

使用conda install petitRADTRANS时，系统无法识别该包。已安装Visual Studio，请问该如何解决？

解决步骤 #

1. 补全Visual Studio编译组件 #

打开Visual Studio Installer，检查是否安装了**"Desktop development with C++"**工作负载，必须包含以下核心组件：

• MSVC v14x - VS 20xx C++ x64/x86 build tools
• Windows 10/11 SDK
• C++ CMake tools for Windows

若未安装，勾选对应选项后点击"修改"完成安装。

2. 配置Anaconda环境指向MSVC编译器 #

打开Anaconda Prompt，先激活你的目标环境（替换为你的环境名，比如base）：

conda activate base

临时设置环境变量让meson识别MSVC：

set CC=cl
set CXX=cl

若需要永久配置到conda环境，执行：

conda config --set env_vars.CC cl
conda config --set env_vars.CXX cl

3. 备选方案：使用Anaconda自带的MinGW编译器 #

如果MSVC仍无法被识别，可安装Anaconda提供的gcc编译器：

conda install -c conda-forge mingw-w64

设置环境变量指向MinGW的编译器：

set CC=gcc
set CXX=g++

4. 重新执行安装命令 #

在配置好编译器的Anaconda Prompt中，重新运行：

pip install petitRADTRANS --no-build-isolation

5. 验证安装结果 #

打开Spyder，在IPython控制台输入以下代码验证：

import petitRADTRANS
print(petitRADTRANS.__version__)

若成功打印版本号，说明安装完成。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者kyra