完全可以通过VBA实现这个需求，下面是一段可直接运行的代码，它会提取当前工作表的所有条件格式规则，整理成结构化表格并新建工作表存放结果：

Sub ExportConditionalFormatRules()
    Dim wsSource As Worksheet
    Dim wsOutput As Worksheet
    Dim cfRule As FormatCondition
    Dim rowNum As Long
    Dim colNum As Integer
    
    ' 设定源工作表为当前活动表
    Set wsSource = ActiveSheet
    ' 新建工作表用于存储规则清单
    Set wsOutput = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Add
    wsOutput.Name = "条件格式规则清单"
    
    ' 设置表头
    With wsOutput
        .Cells(1, 1).Value = "规则序号"
        .Cells(1, 2).Value = "适用范围"
        .Cells(1, 3).Value = "规则类型"
        .Cells(1, 4).Value = "条件1"
        .Cells(1, 5).Value = "条件2"
        .Cells(1, 6).Value = "填充颜色（RGB）"
        .Cells(1, 7).Value = "字体颜色（RGB）"
        .Cells(1, 8).Value = "规则说明"
        
        ' 表头加粗
        .Rows(1).Font.Bold = True
        ' 自动适配列宽
        .Columns.AutoFit
    End With
    
    rowNum = 2 ' 从第2行开始写入规则数据
    
    ' 遍历所有条件格式规则
    For Each cfRule In wsSource.Cells.FormatConditions
        With wsOutput
            ' 写入规则序号
            .Cells(rowNum, 1).Value = rowNum - 1
            ' 写入规则适用的单元格地址
            .Cells(rowNum, 2).Value = cfRule.AppliesTo.Address
            ' 写入规则类型名称
            .Cells(rowNum, 3).Value = GetCFTypeName(cfRule.Type)
            
            ' 根据规则类型写入条件内容
            Select Case cfRule.Type
                Case xlCellValue, xlExpression
                    .Cells(rowNum, 4).Value = cfRule.Formula1
                    If cfRule.Operator <> xlNone Then
                        .Cells(rowNum, 5).Value = cfRule.Formula2
                    End If
                Case xlTop10, xlBottom10, xlTop10Percent, xlBottom10Percent, xlAboveAverage, xlBelowAverage
                    .Cells(rowNum, 4).Value = cfRule.Formula1 & " " & GetOperatorName(cfRule.Operator)
            End Select
            
            ' 写入填充颜色信息（含可视化预览）
            If cfRule.Interior.ColorIndex <> xlColorIndexNone Then
                .Cells(rowNum, 6).Value = "RGB(" & _
                    Red(cfRule.Interior.Color) & "," & _
                    Green(cfRule.Interior.Color) & "," & _
                    Blue(cfRule.Interior.Color) & ")"
                .Cells(rowNum, 6).Interior.Color = cfRule.Interior.Color
            End If
            
            ' 写入字体颜色信息（含可视化预览）
            If cfRule.Font.ColorIndex <> xlColorIndexNone Then
                .Cells(rowNum, 7).Value = "RGB(" & _
                    Red(cfRule.Font.Color) & "," & _
                    Green(cfRule.Font.Color) & "," & _
                    Blue(cfRule.Font.Color) & ")"
                .Cells(rowNum, 7).Font.Color = cfRule.Font.Color
            End If
            
            ' 预留规则说明列，可手动补充备注
            .Cells(rowNum, 8).Value = ""
        End With
        
        rowNum = rowNum + 1
    Next cfRule
    
    ' 再次适配列宽
    wsOutput.Columns.AutoFit
    
    MsgBox "规则提取完成，已保存到工作表：" & wsOutput.Name, vbInformation
End Sub

' 辅助函数：转换条件格式类型为中文名称
Function GetCFTypeName(cfType As XlFormatConditionType) As String
    Select Case cfType
        Case xlCellValue: GetCFTypeName = "单元格值"
        Case xlExpression: GetCFTypeName = "公式"
        Case xlTop10: GetCFTypeName = "前10项"
        Case xlBottom10: GetCFTypeName = "后10项"
        Case xlTop10Percent: GetCFTypeName = "前10%"
        Case xlBottom10Percent: GetCFTypeName = "后10%"
        Case xlAboveAverage: GetCFTypeName = "高于平均值"
        Case xlBelowAverage: GetCFTypeName = "低于平均值"
        Case Else: GetCFTypeName = "其他类型"
    End Select
End Function

' 辅助函数：转换运算符为中文名称
Function GetOperatorName(op As XlFormatConditionOperator) As String
    Select Case op
        Case xlBetween: GetOperatorName = "介于"
        Case xlNotBetween: GetOperatorName = "不介于"
        Case xlEqual: GetOperatorName = "等于"
        Case xlNotEqual: GetOperatorName = "不等于"
        Case xlGreater: GetOperatorName = "大于"
        Case xlLess: GetOperatorName = "小于"
        Case xlGreaterEqual: GetOperatorName = "大于等于"
        Case xlLessEqual: GetOperatorName = "小于等于"
        Case Else: GetOperatorName = ""
    End Select
End Function

使用步骤： #

1. 打开目标Excel文件，按下Alt + F11打开VBA编辑器
2. 右键点击项目窗口中的工作簿名称 → 插入 → 模块
3. 将上述代码粘贴到模块中
4. 返回Excel界面，按下Alt + F8，选择ExportConditionalFormatRules并执行
5. 程序会自动生成名为「条件格式规则清单」的工作表，包含所有规则的详细信息，方便你核查每条规则对应的适用列、条件和格式设置

如果有特殊类型的条件格式规则，可以自行扩展GetCFTypeName和GetOperatorName函数来适配。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者EmmaAleixa