Windows系统Robolectric测试无法运行的路径编码问题求助

报错信息 #

java.lang.AssertionError: Unable to load Robolectric native runtime library
    at org.robolectric.nativeruntime.DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.ensureLoaded(DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.java:234)
    at org.robolectric.nativeruntime.DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.injectAndLoad(DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.java:157)
    at org.robolectric.android.internal.AndroidTestEnvironment.setUpApplicationState(AndroidTestEnvironment.java:149)
    at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.beforeTest(RobolectricTestRunner.java:309)
    at org.robolectric.internal.SandboxTestRunner.executeInSandbox(SandboxTestRunner.java:489)
    at org.robolectric.internal.SandboxTestRunner.access$900(SandboxTestRunner.java:67)
    at org.robolectric.internal.SandboxTestRunner$7.evaluate(SandboxTestRunner.java:442)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.evaluate(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:100)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:366)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:103)
    at org.robolectric.internal.SandboxTestRunner.access$600(SandboxTestRunner.java:67)
    at org.robolectric.internal.SandboxTestRunner$6.evaluate(SandboxTestRunner.java:333)
    at org.robolectric.internal.SandboxTestRunner$3.evaluate(SandboxTestRunner.java:233)
    at org.robolectric.internal.SandboxTestRunner$5.lambda$evaluate$0(SandboxTestRunner.java:317)
    at org.robolectric.internal.bytecode.Sandbox.lambda$runOnMainThread$0(Sandbox.java:101)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException: C:\Users\Gabriel%20Sechan\.m2\repository\org\robolectric\android-all-instrumented\16-robolectric-13921718-i7\android-all-instrumented-16-robolectric-13921718-i7.jar
    at java.base/sun.nio.fs.WindowsException.translateToIOException(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/sun.nio.fs.WindowsException.rethrowAsIOException(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/sun.nio.fs.WindowsException.rethrowAsIOException(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/sun.nio.fs.WindowsFileAttributeViews$Basic.readAttributes(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/sun.nio.fs.WindowsFileAttributeViews$Basic.readAttributes(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/sun.nio.fs.WindowsFileSystemProvider.readAttributes(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.readAttributes(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile$Source.get(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile$CleanableResource.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.util.jar.JarFile.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.util.jar.JarFile.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.util.jar.JarFile.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at org.robolectric.nativeruntime.DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.getResourcesInAndroidAll(DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.java:245)
    at org.robolectric.nativeruntime.DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.maybeCopyIcuData(DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.java:267)
    at org.robolectric.nativeruntime.DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.lambda$ensureLoaded$0(DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.java:206)
    at org.robolectric.util.PerfStatsCollector.measure(PerfStatsCollector.java:83)
    at org.robolectric.nativeruntime.DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.ensureLoaded(DefaultNativeRuntimeLoader.java:197)
    ... 18 more

问题原因 #

Robolectric在Windows环境下处理含空格的文件路径时，错误地将空格URL编码为%20，但实际文件路径中是原始空格，导致程序找不到已存在的文件。

解决方案 #

1. 升级Robolectric到最新稳定版 #

这个路径编码问题是Robolectric的已知bug，在4.10及以上版本已被修复。直接升级依赖即可：

• Gradle项目：修改build.gradle中的依赖版本

  testImplementation 'org.robolectric:robolectric:4.12.1' // 替换为最新稳定版
  

• Maven项目：修改pom.xml中的依赖版本

  <dependency>
      <groupId>org.robolectric</groupId>
      <artifactId>robolectric</artifactId>
      <version>4.12.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>
  

2. 迁移Maven仓库到无空格路径 #

如果暂时无法升级Robolectric，可以将本地Maven仓库迁移到没有空格的目录：

• 找到Maven的settings.xml文件（默认在C:\Users\你的用户名\.m2下）
• 修改localRepository节点为无空格路径，比如：

  <localRepository>C:\maven_repository</localRepository>
  

• 把原.m2\repository下的所有文件复制到新路径

3. 指定Robolectric缓存目录为无空格路径 #

通过配置系统属性，让Robolectric使用无空格的缓存目录，避免路径编码问题：

• Gradle项目：在build.gradle中添加配置

  test {
      systemProperty 'robolectric.dirs.cache', 'C:\robolectric_cache'
  }
  

• 或者在测试类上添加注解：

  @RobolectricTestProperties(cacheDir = "C:\\robolectric_cache")
  public class YourTestClass {
      // 测试代码
  }
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Gabe Sechan