Ubuntu 22.04与预装Windows双系统安装时无法识别Windows系统的求助

大家好，我最近在给联想Ideapad Y510p（1TB SSD，从Win7升级到Win10）安装Ubuntu 22.04双系统，用Rufus制作了USB启动盘，但遇到了棘手的问题——安装器完全识别不到Windows系统，只显示“This computer has no detected operating systems”，也没有“与Windows一起安装Ubuntu”的选项。

我已经尝试了所有常规排查步骤：

• 用Windows磁盘管理工具压缩了Win10分区，预留了约250GB给Ubuntu
• 在Win10控制面板中关闭了快速启动
• 在BIOS里开启了UEFI，关闭了安全启动

为了排查问题，我在“试用Ubuntu”模式下打开终端，执行了几个磁盘检测命令，结果如下：

sudo fdisk -l 输出 #

Disk /dev/sda: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: WDC  WDS100T2B0A
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 96EA98AE-983E-4E85-BA24-623AC01B5DAA

Device          Start       End Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1       2048    2050047 2048000  1000M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda2   2050048 2582527     532480   260M EFI System
/dev/sda3   2582528 4630527 2048000  1000M Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda4   4630528 4892671     262144   128M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda5   4892672 1385627647 1380734976 658.4G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda6  1867975281 1869787760    1812480   885M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda7  1869787761 1953522288   83734528  39.9G Microsoft basic data

sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda 输出 #

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda

GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.9

Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Disk /dev/sda: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
Model: WDC  WDS100T2B0A
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 96EA98AE-983E-4E85-BA24-623AC01B5DAA
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134
Partitions will be aligned on 8-sector boundaries
Total free space is 482352493 sectors (230.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)  End (sector)  Size      Code  Name
1            2048        2050047   1000.0 MiB  2700  r Cópia para Partiç...
2        2050048         2582527   260.0 MiB   EF00
3        2582528         4630527   1000.0 MiB  0700
4        4630528         4892671   128.0 MiB   0C01
5        4892672     1385627647   658.4 GiB   0700
6    1867975281      1869787760   885.0 MiB   2700
7    1869787761      1953522288   39.9 GiB   0700

针对Windows主分区sda5的检测异常 #

当我执行sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda5时，出现了明显的分区表错误：

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda5

GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.9

Partition table scan:
MBR: MBR only
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: not present

***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory.
***************************************************************
Exact type match not found for type code 7200; assigning type code for
'Linux filesystem'
Exact type match not found for type code 6C00; assigning type code for
'Linux filesystem'
Warning! Secondary partition table overlaps the last partition by
2508946357 blocks!
You will need to delete this partition or resize it in another utility.

Disk /dev/sda5: 1380734976 sectors, 658.4 GiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 379908E8-D060-45AF-9DCF-9B7C6C41AE75
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1380734942
Partitions will be aligned on 32-sector boundaries
Total free space is 1380734909 sectors (658.4 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)  End (sector)  Size      Code  Name
1    1920221984      3736432267   866.0 GiB   8300  Linux filesystem
2    1936028192      3889681299   931.6 GiB   8300  Linux filesystem

我尝试用fixparts修复该分区，结果显示：

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fixparts /dev/sda5

...

Problem: MBR partitions 1 and 2 overlap!
Warning: Deleting oversized partition #1! Start = 1920221984, length = 1816210284
Warning: Deleting oversized partition #2! Start = 1936028192, length = 1953653108

MBR command (? for help):

我猜测问题根源可能是这个分区表重叠的错误，但不确定按照fixparts的提示删除这些异常分区能不能解决Ubuntu安装器识别不到Windows的问题。希望有经验的朋友能给我一些具体的操作建议，告诉我接下来应该怎么推进？

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Cbraz