基于Playwright Python实现Swagger API自动化及Ansible Tower自动化框架需求

环境准备 #

• 安装依赖包：

  pip install playwright
  playwright install chrome
  

核心实现思路 #

Swagger UI是网页版API调试界面，Playwright可模拟Chrome浏览器操作页面元素，完成API参数填充、请求发送、响应断言全流程。

示例脚本 #

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def swagger_api_test():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        # 启动Chrome，打开目标Swagger页面
        browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False)  # 调试时设为False，生产环境改为True
        page = browser.new_page()
        page.goto("http://your-swagger-ui-url")

        # 等待页面加载，定位目标API（以POST /api/users为例）
        page.wait_for_selector('text="POST /api/users"')
        # 展开API详情面板
        page.click('text="POST /api/users"')

        # 激活"Try it out"模式
        page.click('button:has-text("Try it out")')

        # 填充请求体参数
        request_body = '{"username": "test_user", "email": "test@example.com"}'
        page.fill('textarea[name="body"]', request_body)

        # 发送请求
        page.click('button:has-text("Execute")')

        # 等待响应加载，断言状态码和响应内容
        page.wait_for_selector('.response-col_status')
        status_code = page.text_content('.response-col_status')
        assert status_code == "201 Created", f"预期状态码201，实际得到{status_code}"

        response_body = page.text_content('.response_body')
        assert '"username": "test_user"' in response_body, "响应内容未包含预期数据"

        browser.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    swagger_api_test()

关键注意事项 #

• 元素定位：优先使用文本选择器（text="xxx"）或CSS属性选择器，避免依赖Swagger动态生成的元素ID
• 等待机制：必须用wait_for_selector确保元素加载完成，避免页面渲染延迟导致的定位失败
• 复用性：可将API操作封装为通用函数，传入API路径、请求参数、断言条件等，适配不同接口测试需求

Ansible Tower（现AWX）支持REST API和官方Python SDK，可实现作业模板管理、作业启动、状态查询等自动化操作，以下两种方案可选：

方案1：使用官方SDK awxkit #

环境准备 #

pip install awxkit

示例代码 #

from awxkit.api.pages import *

def tower_job_automation():
    # 连接Ansible Tower实例
    tower = AwxApi("http://your-tower-url", username="admin", password="your-password")

    # 根据名称获取目标作业模板
    job_template = tower.job_templates.get(name="Deploy Web Server")

    # 启动作业
    job = job_template.launch()

    # 等待作业执行完成
    job.wait_until_completed()

    # 验证作业状态
    assert job.status == "successful", f"作业执行失败，状态：{job.status}"

    # 打印作业日志
    print("作业日志:\n", job.stdout)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    tower_job_automation()

方案2：直接调用REST API（灵活度更高） #

环境准备 #

pip install requests

示例代码 #

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

def tower_api_automation():
    tower_url = "http://your-tower-url"
    username = "admin"
    password = "your-password"

    # 获取认证Token
    auth_response = requests.post(
        f"{tower_url}/api/v2/tokens/",
        auth=HTTPBasicAuth(username, password)
    )
    auth_response.raise_for_status()
    token = auth_response.json()["token"]
    headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}

    # 根据名称查询作业模板ID
    templates_response = requests.get(
        f"{tower_url}/api/v2/job_templates/",
        headers=headers,
        params={"name": "Deploy Web Server"}
    )
    templates_response.raise_for_status()
    template_id = templates_response.json()["results"][0]["id"]

    # 启动作业
    launch_response = requests.post(
        f"{tower_url}/api/v2/job_templates/{template_id}/launch/",
        headers=headers
    )
    launch_response.raise_for_status()
    job_id = launch_response.json()["id"]

    # 轮询作业状态，直到结束
    while True:
        job_response = requests.get(
            f"{tower_url}/api/v2/jobs/{job_id}/",
            headers=headers
        )
        job_response.raise_for_status()
        job_status = job_response.json()["status"]
        if job_status in ["successful", "failed", "canceled"]:
            break

    assert job_status == "successful", f"作业执行失败，状态：{job_status}"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    tower_api_automation()

核心建议 #

• 凭证管理：避免硬编码敏感信息，使用环境变量或密钥管理工具存储用户名、密码、Token
• 错误处理：添加try-except块捕获API请求异常，提升脚本稳定性
• 封装复用：将Tower常用操作（模板查询、作业启动、状态检查）封装为工具类，减少重复代码
• 集成场景：可将两种自动化流程结合，比如用Playwright验证API可用性后，调用Ansible Tower执行部署作业

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ali Haider