谷歌云Compute Engine中MySQL bin-log启用失败问题求助

我正在谷歌云的LAMP栈环境里配置MySQL的二进制日志（bin-log），除了log-bin相关配置外，MySQL其他功能都正常运行。但每当我在/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf文件中添加log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin这一行配置，然后重启MySQL时，就会遇到启动失败的问题，错误信息如下：

# sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart 
[....] Restarting mysql (via systemctl): mysql.serviceJob for mysql.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysql.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. 
failed!

当前mysqld.cnf配置内容 #

我的/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf文件完整配置如下：

[mysqld]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
bind-address = localhost
log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

已尝试的权限修复操作 #

因为MySQL可以正常写入/var/log/mysql/error.log文件，我推测mysql用户已经具备该目录的权限，但还是尝试了以下几种权限调整操作：

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql/
chmod 770 /var/log/mysql/
# 还试过这个命令
chown -R mysql:root /var/log/mysql/

已尝试但无效的参考方案 #

我还查阅了多个相关技术帖子，尝试了里面的解决方案，但都没能解决问题，这些帖子涉及的问题包括：

• MySQL设置log-bin后无法启动
• 修改binlog目录时提示mysql-bin.index找不到（错误码13）
• 无法启用二进制日志时提示索引找不到
• 无法获取MySQL binlog的问题排查
• MySQL二进制日志错误的处理方案

现有MySQL error.log内容 #

目前我能获取到的error.log内容如下：

2018-05-31T20:40:15.934303Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2018-05-31T20:40:16.034693Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) to /var/lib/mysql/ib_buffer_pool
2018-05-31T20:40:16.034934Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) dump completed at 180531 20:40:16
2018-05-31T20:40:17.487431Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 3080730
2018-05-31T20:40:17.489847Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Removed temporary tablespace data file: "ibtmp1"
2018-05-31T20:40:17.489886Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MEMORY'
2018-05-31T20:40:17.489893Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'CSV'
2018-05-31T20:40:17.489898Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
2018-05-31T20:40:17.489901Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'
2018-05-31T20:40:17.490163Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'binlog'
2018-05-31T20:40:17.490592Z 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

还有更详细的错误日志内容可供参考。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者lkdhruw