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Ubuntu版本更新后进入紧急模式无法正常启动的故障求助

Ubuntu版本更新后进入紧急模式无法正常启动的故障求助

大家好,我遇到了一个Ubuntu系统启动的棘手问题,希望能得到大家的帮助:

当前系统状态

我的Odroid-H2 NAS系统之前正常运行了一年多,现在启动时走到Ubuntu启动界面后直接进入紧急模式,启动日志关键内容如下:

[   0.2814999] x86/cpu: SGX disabled by BIOS.
/dev/nvme0n1p2: recovering journal
/dev/nvme0n1p2: clean, 254561/15237120 files, 13095856/60918272 blocks
[   3.525335] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page found (this is removed when not using the ubuntu usb)
[   3.525375] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through (this is removed when not using the ubuntu usb)
You are in emergency mode. After logging in, type "journalctl -xb" to view system logs, "systemctl reboot" to reboot, "systemctl default" or "exit" to boot into default mode.
Drücken Sie die Eingabetaste für Wartungsarbeiten (oder drücken Sie Strg+D, um fortzufahren)

故障发生前的操作

系统出问题前我做了这些操作:

  • 安装了新的备份软件Veeam Agent,配置错误把整个文件系统(256GB SSD + 4TB HDD)备份到了SSD上,当时没发现异常
  • 之后无法连接xrdp,排查时发现磁盘已满,清理缓存和日志后才找到是错误备份导致的
  • 删除错误备份后备份功能恢复,但xrdp还是无法使用
  • 执行do-release-upgrade从Ubuntu 22.04升级到22.04.3,过程中一路选yes,遇到配置文件覆盖提示时选择了保留当前版本(默认选项N/O)
  • 更新完成后重启就进入了紧急模式

已尝试的解决方法

1. 尝试退出紧急模式

  • 第一次按Ctrl+D,系统提示Reloading system manager configuration和Starting default target,但还是回到紧急模式
  • 多次按Ctrl+D后出现红色错误提示:Failed to start default target: Transaction for graphical.target/start is destructive (emergency.target has 'start' job queued , but 'stop' is included in transaction),之后无法输入只能手动重启

2. 查看系统日志

进入紧急模式后执行journalctl -xb,发现的关键警告/错误如下(手动记录可能有拼写错误):

X86/cpu: SGX disabled by BIOS.
Expanded resource Reserved due to conflict with PCI Bus 0000:00
device-mapper: core: CONFIG_IMA_DISABLE_HTABLE is disabled. Duplicate IMA measurements will not be recorded in the IMA log.
platform eisa.0: EISA: cannot allocate resource for mainboard
platform eisa.0: Cannot allocate resource for EISA slot 1~8(共8条类似信息)
nvme nvme0: missing or invalid SUBNQN field
systemd-fstab-generator [298]: Mount point 0 is not a valid path, ignoring.
kernel: r1825: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
kernel: r1825 module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
systemd-udevd [356]: nvme0n1: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1' failed with exit code 1.
systemd-udevd [357]: sdb: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/sdb' failed with exit code 1.
systemd-udevd [359]: nvme0n1p1: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1' failed with exit code 1.

另外启动时还看到:

[  OK  ] Mounted /mnt/storage/nextcloud-bindfs/heimnetz-nxxxx
[FAILED] Failed to mount /mnt/storage/nextcloud-bindfs/heimnetz-nxxxx.
See 'systemctl status "mnt-storage-nextcloud\\x2dbindfs-heimnetz\\x2dniels.mount"' for details
[Depend] Dependency failed for Local File Systems.

3. 检查磁盘文件系统

  • 用Ubuntu Live USB启动进入“Try Ubuntu”模式,执行sudo fdisk -l确认磁盘分区,找到系统盘是/dev/nvme0n1
  • 执行sudo fsck -f /dev/nvme0n1p1(EFI分区),提示引导扇区和备份有差异但未做修改
  • 执行sudo fsck -f /dev/nvme0n1p2(根分区),检查结果显示文件系统正常:
fsck von util-linux 2.37.2
e2fsck 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Durchgang 1: Inodes, Blöcke und Größen werden geprüft
Durchgang 2: Verzeichnisstruktur wird geprüft
Durchgang 3: Verzeichnisverknüpfungen werden geprüft
Durchgang 4: Referenzzähler werden überprüft
Durchgang 5: Zusammengefasste Gruppeninformation wird geprüft
/dev/nvme0n1p2: 254562/15237120 Dateien (0.4% nicht zusammenhängend), 13097910/60918272 Blöcke

重启后问题依旧

4. 检查fstab配置

  • 挂载系统盘后查看/etc/fstab内容:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/nvme0n1p2 during installation
UUID=4c7afe94-e2be-488d-930a-80c72c771823 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/nvme0n1p1 during installation
UUID=F0F9-771C  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/md0    /mnt/storage    ext4    defaults 0 2
bindfs#/mnt/storage/shares/niels /mnt/storage/nextcloud-bindfs/heimnetz-niels fuse force-user=root,force-group=root,create-for-user=smb,create-for-group=smb,chgrp-ignore,chown-ignore,chmod-ignore 0 0
bindfs#/mnt/storage/shares/main /mnt/storage/nextcloud-bindfs/heimnetz-main fuse force-user=root,force-group=root,create-for-user=smb,create-for-group=smb,chgrp-ignore,chown-ignore,chmod-ignore 0 0
  • 执行blkid对比UUID,所有fstab里的UUID都能匹配到对应的分区

5. 尝试高级启动选项

  • 启动时选Advanced Options,有两个内核版本(5.15.0-86和5.15.0-84)的正常/恢复模式可选
  • 进入恢复模式后出现图形故障,只能看到部分终端内容,尝试操作但没找到有效解决方法

当前困境

现在我能通过恢复模式访问所有文件,但不知道下一步该怎么排查。怀疑是版本更新时保留的某个配置文件(比如fstab或者其他系统配置)导致的问题,但不确定具体是哪个。希望大家能给我一些排查方向或者解决建议!

备注:内容来源于stack exchange,提问作者RexErin

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最近更新时间:2026.04.21 11:53:05