如何将一台Google Cloud实例的所有文件夹复制到另一台实例？

Alright, let's get this sorted out so you can spin up a new instance with all your data intact—no more missing folders. Here's a straightforward, step-by-step approach based on common cloud server workflows:

You've got two reliable options here, depending on whether you want to transfer data directly to a new instance or create a reusable snapshot:

Option 1: Use rsync for direct live transfer #

This is perfect if you can access both the old and a new/temporary instance via SSH. It preserves file permissions, symlinks, and timestamps—critical for most applications.

• Log into your old instance via SSH.
• Run this command to copy all folders recursively to your new instance (replace placeholders with your actual details):

  rsync -avz /path/to/your/folders/ your-username@new-instance-ip:/path/to/destination/folder/
  

  Breakdown of the flags:
  • -a: Archive mode (preserves all file metadata)
  • -v: Verbose output so you can track progress
  • -z: Compresses data mid-transfer to speed things up over slow connections
• If you need to copy almost everything (excluding system-specific folders that don't hold your data), use this exclude flag to skip unnecessary directories:

  rsync -avz --exclude={/proc,/sys,/dev,/tmp,/run,/mnt,/media,/lost+found} / your-username@new-instance-ip/
  

Option 2: Create a disk snapshot (for reusable instance templates) #

If you want to create multiple new instances with your preloaded data later, this is the way to go:

• First, make sure all your data is written to disk (no pending writes) and shut down the old instance cleanly:

  sync && sudo shutdown -h now
  

• Head to your cloud provider's console, find the old instance's root disk, and create a full snapshot of it.
• This snapshot will now include all your folders and data—when you launch a new instance using this snapshot as the root disk, everything will be there automatically.

Don't skip this step! Double-check that all your files made it over:

• Log into the destination instance (or spin up a test instance from your snapshot).
• List the contents of your target folder to confirm:

  ls -la /path/to/destination/folder/
  

• For extra assurance, compare a key file's content between instances:

  diff /old-instance-path/important-file.txt /new-instance-path/important-file.txt
  

  (If there's no output, the files are identical.)

If your folders are stored on a separate attached data disk (not the root system disk), you don't need to copy anything at all! Just:

• Detach the data disk from the old instance via your cloud console.
• Attach it to your new instance.
• Mount the disk on the new instance using the same mount point as before, and all your data will be accessible instantly.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者jahan8409