无法从Mac通过RDP/SSH连接Azure Windows服务器，求排查建议

Hey there, let's walk through some additional checks you can perform since the basic NSG and RDP domain fixes didn't resolve your connection issues. I've tackled similar Azure Windows VM connectivity problems before, so here's what I'd investigate next:

• Verify VM's Public IP & Runtime State
  First, confirm your VM has a public IP address assigned (you can find this in the Azure portal's VM overview page). Also, ensure the VM is in a Running state—sometimes VMs can get stuck in stopped/deallocated mode without notification. Try restarting the VM from the portal to rule out temporary glitches.

• Check Azure Firewall (If Deployed)
  If you're using Azure Firewall (not just network security groups), it might block traffic even if NSGs are configured correctly. Navigate to your Azure Firewall resource and verify there are no inbound deny rules for ports 22/3389. If needed, add explicit allow rules targeting your Mac's public IP address for those ports.

• Windows Local Firewall Configuration
  Azure's network rules don't override the VM's local Windows Firewall. If you can't connect directly to check, use the Azure portal's Run Command feature to run these commands:

  • For RDP: netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group="Remote Desktop" new enable=Yes
  • For SSH (if OpenSSH is installed): netsh advfirewall firewall set rule name="OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP" new enable=Yes

• SSH Service Status on Windows VM
  If you're using SSH to connect, confirm the OpenSSH Server feature is installed and running. Use Run Command to check:
  Get-WindowsFeature -Name OpenSSH.Server
  If it's missing, install it with: Install-WindowsFeature -Name OpenSSH.Server, then start the service: Start-Service sshd and set it to auto-start: Set-Service -Name sshd -StartupType 'Automatic'

• RDP-Specific Configuration Checks

  • Ensure Remote Desktop is enabled on the VM. Use Run Command to set this: Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server' -Name "fDenyTSConnections" -Value 0
  • Check if the VM's private IP is static and conflicting with another resource in the virtual network, or if the subnet's route table has unexpected routes blocking traffic.
  • Try switching RDP clients on your Mac (e.g., use Microsoft's official Remote Desktop app instead of a third-party tool) to rule out client-side issues.

• Network Reachability Testing
  From your Mac's Terminal, run these commands to test if ports are reachable:

  • For RDP: nc -zv <VM_Public_IP> 3389
  • For SSH: nc -zv <VM_Public_IP> 22
    If these fail, the issue is network-related; if they succeed, the problem likely lies in the VM's internal configuration (firewall, service state).

• NSG Association & Rule Priority
  Double-check that your NSG is associated with the correct resource—either the VM's network interface or its subnet. Remember, NSG rules are processed by priority (lower number = higher priority), so ensure no deny rule has a higher priority than your allow rules for ports 22/3389.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者bhomass