ASP.NET Core MVC项目无法获取Windows认证用户信息问题求助

各位大佬好，我最近在从零重建一个2010年的旧ASP.NET WebForms应用，用的是Visual Studio 2022 Professional的ASP.NET Core MVC（C#）项目模板。

不管跟着多少文章操作，我都没办法获取到HttpContext.User.Name的值——说白了就是想还原旧ASP.NET里通过Windows认证获取登录用户名的功能。

我试过这两种写法，结果全都是null：

HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name
HttpContext.User.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier).Value

我翻了一堆教程和文章，肯定是漏了什么关键配置，真心求各位给点思路！

下面是我的相关配置和代码：

launchSettings.json #

{
  "iisSettings": {
    "windowsAuthentication": true,
    "anonymousAuthentication": false,
    "iisExpress": {
      "applicationUrl": "http://localhost:38899",
      "sslPort": 0
    }
  },
  "profiles": {
    "http": {
      "commandName": "Project",
      "dotnetRunMessages": true,
      "launchBrowser": true,
      "applicationUrl": "http://localhost:5105",
      "environmentVariables": {
        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
      }
    },
    "IIS Express": {
      "commandName": "IISExpress",
      "launchBrowser": true,
      "environmentVariables": {
        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
      }
    }
  }
}

HomeController（仅添加了获取用户的逻辑，其余为项目默认代码） #

public IActionResult Index()
{
    string user = "";
    user = HttpContext.User.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier).Value;
    return View();
}

Program.cs #

using WebApplication1.Controllers;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Add services to the container.
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();

builder.Services.AddSession(options =>
{
    options.Cookie.Name = ".TestSession";
    options.IdleTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(600);
    options.Cookie.HttpOnly = true; //disallows cookie access via client side script
    options.Cookie.IsEssential = true;
});

builder.Services.AddHttpContextAccessor();

var app = builder.Build();

// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
}
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();

app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllerRoute(
    name: "default",
    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

app.Run();

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Rob K.