断电后Android应用调试失败，报Gson JsonSyntaxException错误

先看你贴出的错误栈：

com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Expected BEGIN_ARRAY but was STRING at line 1 column 1 path $ at com.google.gson.Gson.fromJson(Gson.java:899) at com.google.gson.Gson.fromJson(Gson.java:852) at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.SubStream.loadSubStreams(SubStream.java:129) at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.IntermediateFolderUtils.<init>(IntermediateFolderUtils.java:66) at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.IntermediateStream.init(IntermediateStream.java:191) at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.IntermediateStream.asOutput(IntermediateStream.java:135) at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.TransformTask$2.call(TransformTask.java:228) at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.TransformTask$2.call(TransformTask.java:217) at com.android.builder.profile.ThreadRecorder.record(ThreadRecorder.java:102) at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.TransformTask.transform(TransformTask.java:212) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.gradle.internal.reflect.JavaMethod.invoke(JavaMethod.java:73) at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.IncrementalTaskAction.doExecute(IncrementalTaskAction.java:46) at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:39) at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:26) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter$1.run(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:121) at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:336) at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:328) at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:199) at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:110) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeAction(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:110) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:92) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:70) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.OutputDirectoryCreatingTaskExecuter.execute(OutputDirectoryCreatingTaskExecuter.java:51) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipUpToDateTaskExecuter.execute(SkipUpToDateTaskExecuter.java:62) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveTaskOutputCachingStateExecuter.execute(ResolveTaskOutputCachingStateExecuter.java:54) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ValidatingTaskExecuter.execute(ValidatingTaskExecuter.java:60) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.execute(SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.java:97) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.execute(CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.java:87) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveTaskArtifactStateTaskExecuter.execute(ResolveTaskArtifactStateTaskExecuter.java:52) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.execute(SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.java:52) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.execute(SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.java:54) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteAtMostOnceTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteAtMostOnceTaskExecuter.java:43) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.execute(CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.java:34) at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskGraphExecuter$EventFiringTaskWorker$1.run(DefaultTaskGraphExecuter.java:248) at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:336) at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:328) at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:199) at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:110) at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskGraphExecuter$EventFiringTaskWorker.execute(DefaultTaskGraphExecuter.java:241) at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskGraphExe

这个问题我之前碰到过，本质是断电导致Gradle的中间缓存文件损坏了——错误指向的是Gradle构建管线内部的SubStream.loadSubStreams方法，它在解析缓存的JSON配置时，发现文件内容已经不是预期的数组格式，而是残缺的字符串，所以抛出了这个异常。

给你几个递进的解决方法：

• 第一步：Clean + Rebuild项目
  打开Android Studio，点击顶部工具栏的Build -> Clean Project，等待清理完成后再点击Rebuild Project。这是最快捷的方式，能清除大部分损坏的本地构建缓存。

• 第二步：手动删除项目内的构建文件
  如果第一步无效，手动删除项目根目录下的.gradle文件夹，以及各个模块目录下的build文件夹（包括项目根目录的build文件夹），然后回到Android Studio点击File -> Sync Project with Gradle Files，等待同步完成后再构建。

• 第三步：清除全局Gradle缓存
  要是上面两种方法都不行，说明全局Gradle缓存也可能损坏了。你可以删除用户目录下的.gradle/caches文件夹：

  • Windows系统：C:\Users\你的用户名\.gradle\caches
  • Mac/Linux系统：~/.gradle/caches
    删除后重新同步项目并构建即可。

之所以会出现这个问题，是因为断电时Gradle正在写入缓存文件，导致文件内容不完整或格式错乱，下次构建时Gson解析这些损坏的JSON就会报错，毕竟它原本期望读取的是数组格式的缓存数据，实际拿到的却是残缺的字符串。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user8990420