如何用jq提取JSON所有键值对生成可eval的变量赋值语句

Got it, let's solve this problem. You need to flatten your nested JSON into shell-friendly variable assignments, where nested keys are joined with underscores. Here's how to do it with jq:

The JQ Command #

Run this command against your input JSON (replace input.json with your file path, or pipe JSON directly into it):

jq -r '
[
  paths(scalars) as $p |
  ($p | join("_")) + "=\"" + (getpath($p) | tostring | gsub("\""; "\\\"")) + "\""
] | join(" ")
' input.json

How It Works #

Let's break down each part to understand what's happening:

1. paths(scalars): This recursively finds all paths to scalar values (strings, numbers, booleans, null) in your JSON. For your sample input, this gives paths like ["key1", "data3"].
2. $p | join("_"): Joins the path components with underscores to create the variable name (e.g., key1_data3).
3. getpath($p): Fetches the value associated with the path (e.g., "some data").
4. tostring | gsub("\""; "\\\""): Converts the value to a string and escapes any double quotes in the value (so values like he said "hi" become he said \"hi\", which is safe for shell variables).
5. [ ... ] | join(" "): Collects all variable assignments into an array and joins them with spaces to produce a single line ready for eval.

Sample Output #

For your input JSON, this command will output exactly what you want:

data1="some data" data2="some data" key1_data3="some data" key1_data4="some data" key2_data5="some data"

You can pipe this directly to eval to set the variables in your shell:

eval $(jq -r '
[
  paths(scalars) as $p |
  ($p | join("_")) + "=\"" + (getpath($p) | tostring | gsub("\""; "\\\"")) + "\""
] | join(" ")
' input.json)

Content of the question来源于stack exchange，提问作者anton1