NVIDIA软件包依赖升级问题求助：执行修复命令时出现文件覆盖冲突错误

问题描述 #

我在升级NVIDIA软件包时遇到了依赖问题，执行sudo apt-get upgrade后收到以下错误提示：

$ sudo apt-get upgrade

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.

The following packages have unmet dependencies:

nvidia-dkms-535 : Depends: nvidia-kernel-common-535 (= 535.129.03-0ubuntu1) but 535.129.03-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 is installed

E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

尝试执行sudo apt --fix-broken install修复时，又出现了文件覆盖冲突的错误：

$ sudo apt --fix-broken install

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

Correcting dependencies... Done

The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:

nvidia-firmware-535-535.129.03

Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.

The following additional packages will be installed:

nvidia-kernel-common-535

The following packages will be upgraded:

nvidia-kernel-common-535

1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 32 not upgraded.

1 not fully installed or removed.

Need to get 0 B/38,3 MB of archives.

After this operation, 61,2 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

(Reading database ... 291692 files and directories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack .../nvidia-kernel-common-535_535.129.03-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb .

..

Unpacking nvidia-kernel-common-535 (535.129.03-0ubuntu1) over (535.129.03-0ubunt

u0.22.04.1) ...

dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/nvidia-kernel-common-535_

535.129.03-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--unpack):

trying to overwrite '/lib/firmware/nvidia/535.129.03/gsp_ga10x.bin', which is a

lso in package nvidia-firmware-535-535.129.03 535.129.03-0ubuntu0.22.04.1

dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe)

Errors were encountered while processing:

/var/cache/apt/archives/nvidia-kernel-common-535_535.129.03-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb

E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

请问该如何解决这个问题？

解决方案 #

这个问题的根源是NVIDIA软件包更新后，固件文件的归属发生了变化——原本属于nvidia-firmware-535-535.129.03包的文件现在被合并到nvidia-kernel-common-535包里了，但旧的固件包还留在系统中，导致安装时出现文件冲突。按照以下步骤就能解决：

1. 手动移除冲突的固件包
   首先尝试正常卸载这个已经被标记为“不再需要”的固件包：

   sudo apt remove nvidia-firmware-535-535.129.03
   

   如果上述命令因为依赖问题失败，就用dpkg强制移除：

   sudo dpkg --purge --force-all nvidia-firmware-535-535.129.03
   

2. 重新执行依赖修复命令
   移除冲突包后，再次运行修复命令来完成依赖的修正：

   sudo apt --fix-broken install
   

3. 完成后重新尝试系统升级
   最后执行升级命令，确认问题是否解决：

   sudo apt upgrade
   

如果之后还有残留的无用包，可以用以下命令清理：

sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt clean

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vitalii Frolov