NVMe固态硬盘疑似故障？或为主板/控制器问题？附已解决更新

更新：问题已解决
后来确认确实是NVMe硬盘本身的问题。我通过保持硬盘处于低温环境，极慢地逐个文件恢复数据，中途频繁休息，最终成功找回了所有数据。感谢大家的帮助！

我的系统配置如下：

• 单块Mushkin MKNSSDPE2TB-D8型号的2TB NVMe SSD作为系统盘
• 两块SATA硬盘组成镜像RAID阵列
• 4周前（大概10月7日左右）安装了Ubuntu Server 22.04，当时一切正常

最近两天我往系统盘写入了约200GB的数据，期间系统多次崩溃，完全无响应，每次都需要硬重启。为了排查问题，我开始用sudo dmesg -wH命令监控内核消息缓冲区。

11月7日18:11，我往系统盘写入了一个339KB的小文件，之后系统立刻变得无响应，内核缓冲区里积累了大量错误信息，指向NVMe系统盘（也可能是控制器？）：

[ +0.000027] nvme nvme0: I/O 257 QID 5 timeout, aborting
[ +0.000006] nvme nvme0: I/O 258 QID 5 timeout, aborting
[ +0.000005] nvme nvme0: I/O 259 QID 5 timeout, aborting
[ +0.000004] nvme nvme0: I/O 260 QID 5 timeout, aborting
[ +30.719233] nvme nvme0: I/O 256 QID 5 timeout, reset controller
[Nov 7 18:12] nvme nvme0: I/O 2 QID 0 timeout, reset controller

之后多个系统服务开始故障，最后出现了这些日志：

[ +0.032544] systemd[1]: Unmounting /boot/efi...
[ +0.000100] systemd[1]: Stopped Journal Service.
[ +0.001581] systemd[1]: Starting Journal Service...
[ +0.005176] systemd[1]: Stopping LVM event activation on device 259:3...
[ +0.000097] systemd[1]: Stopping Unattended Upgrades Shutdown...
[ +0.004093] systemd[1]: lvm2-pvscan@259:3.service: Deactivated successfully.
[ +0.000122] systemd[1]: Stopped LVM event activation on device 259:3.
[ +0.000869] systemd[1]: Started Journal Service.
[ +0.031798] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p1): unable to read boot sector to mark fs as dirty
[Nov 7 18:21] Core dump to |/usr/share/apport/apport pipe failed
[Nov 7 18:22] EXT4-fs warning: 126 callbacks suppressed
[ +0.000001] EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_dx_find_entry:1791: inode #5375122: lblock 2: comm PMS ReqHandler: error -5 reading directory block
[ +0.001141] EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_dx_find_entry:1791: inode #5375072: lblock 3: comm PMS ReqHandler: error -5 reading directory block
[ +0.000044] EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): dx_probe:820: inode #5374089: lblock 0: comm PMS ReqHandler: error -5 reading directory block
[ +0.001368] EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_dx_find_entry:1791: inode #5375122: lblock 6: comm PMS ReqHandler: error -5 reading directory block
[ +0.000895] EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): dx_probe:820: inode #5374089: lblock 0: comm PMS ReqHandler: error -5 reading directory block
[ +0.012023] EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_dx_find_entry:1791: inode #5375072: lblock 1: comm PMS ReqHandler: error -5 reading directory block
[Nov 7 18:26] Core dump to |/usr/share/apport/apport pipe failed

这时系统彻底崩溃，完全无响应，只能硬重启才能恢复。

我这是遇到NVMe硬盘故障了吗？还是主板/控制器的问题？有没有什么排查建议？我没有其他机器可以测试这块NVMe，也没有备用NVMe来测试这个系统，有点头疼……

谢谢大家！😀

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vince