Spring Boot 3（Hibernate 6）加载大量JPA实体时启动出现OutOfMemoryError问题求助

各位好，我遇到了一个棘手的问题，想请教下大家：

我维护着一个仅包含JPA实体定义的Spring Boot项目，它作为依赖被多个其他Spring Boot项目引用。之前这个项目一直基于Spring Boot 2.x（对应Hibernate 5.x）运行，启动速度一直很正常。但最近切换到Spring Boot 3（也就是Hibernate 6.x）之后，问题来了——引用这个实体依赖的项目启动时会卡住，最终因为堆内存耗尽报错。

我已经尝试过以下操作，但都没解决问题：

• 增大堆内存到-Xmx5g，但没有任何改善
• 观察系统资源：启动时CPU占用会飙升到很高，直到最终失败
• 测试加载部分实体：只引入这个jar里的20个实体时，启动完全正常，但引入全部121个实体就会出问题
• 已经在主应用类上添加了@EntityScan("com.xxx.entities")注解，确保实体能被扫描到

下面是报错的堆栈信息：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaConfiguration.class]: Java heap space
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1770) ~[spring-beans-6.0.13.jar:6.0.13]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:598) ~[spring-beans-6.0.13.jar:6.0.13]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:520) ~[spring-beans-6.0.13.jar:6.0.13]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:325) ~[spring-beans-6.0.13.jar:6.0.13]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-6.0.13.jar:6.0.13]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323) ~[spring-beans-6.0.13.jar:6.0.13]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) ~[spring-beans-6.0.13.jar:6.0.13]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1166) ~[spring-context-6.0.13.jar:6.0.13]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:940) ~[spring-context-6.0.13.jar:6.0.13]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:616) ~[spring-context-6.0.13.jar:6.0.13]
at org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.context.ReactiveWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ReactiveWebServerApplicationContext.java:66) ~[spring-boot-3.1.5.jar:3.1.5]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:738) ~[spring-boot-3.1.5.jar:3.1.5]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:440) ~[spring-boot-3.1.5.jar:3.1.5]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:316) ~[spring-boot-3.1.5.jar:3.1.5]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1306) ~[spring-boot-3.1.5.jar:3.1.5]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1295) ~[spring-boot-3.1.5.jar:3.1.5]
at com.chiralcloud.ApigatewayApplication.main(ApigatewayApplication.java:14) ~[classes/:na]
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at java.base/java.util.HashMap.resize(HashMap.java:702) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.HashMap.putVal(HashMap.java:661) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.util.HashMap.put(HashMap.java:610) ~[na:na]
at org.hibernate.query.sqm.sql.internal.SqlAstProcessingStateImpl.resolveSqlExpression(SqlAstProcessingStateImpl.java:98) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.sql.ast.spi.SqlExpressionResolver.resolveSqlExpression(SqlExpressionResolver.java:95) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.internal.BasicAttributeMapping.resolveSqlSelection(BasicAttributeMapping.java:340) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.internal.BasicAttributeMapping.generateFetch(BasicAttributeMapping.java:393) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.sql.results.graph.FetchParent.generateFetchableFetch(FetchParent.java:108) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.loader.ast.internal.LoaderSelectBuilder.lambda$createFetchableConsumer$3(LoaderSelectBuilder.java:986) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.loader.ast.internal.LoaderSelectBuilder$$Lambda$1000/0x00007fc214927718.accept(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
at org.hibernate.loader.ast.internal.LoaderSelectBuilder.visitFetches(LoaderSelectBuilder.java:805) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.loader.ast.internal.LoaderSelectBuilder$$Lambda$993/0x00007fc214921528.visitFetches(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
at org.hibernate.loader.ast.internal.LoaderSqlAstCreationState.visitFetches(LoaderSqlAstCreationState.java:150) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.sql.results.graph.AbstractFetchParent.afterInitialize(AbstractFetchParent.java:30) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.sql.results.graph.entity.AbstractEntityResultGraphNode.afterInitialize(AbstractEntityResultGraphNode.java:68) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.sql.results.graph.entity.internal.EntityFetchJoinedImpl.<init>(EntityFetchJoinedImpl.java:58) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.internal.ToOneAttributeMapping.buildEntityFetchJoined(ToOneAttributeMapping.java:1383) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.internal.ToOneAttributeMapping.lambda$generateFetch$0(ToOneAttributeMapping.java:1542) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.internal.ToOneAttributeMapping$$Lambda$1004/0x00007fc21492a000.get(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
at org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.internal.ToOneAttributeMapping.withRegisteredAssociationKeys(ToOneAttributeMapping.java:1790) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.internal.ToOneAttributeMapping.generateFetch(ToOneAttributeMapping.java:1517) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.internal.ToOneAttributeMapping.generateFetch(ToOneAttributeMapping.java:108) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.sql.results.graph.FetchParent.generateFetchableFetch(FetchParent.java:108) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.loader.ast.internal.LoaderSelectBuilder.lambda$createFetchableConsumer$3(LoaderSelectBuilder.java:986) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.loader.ast.internal.LoaderSelectBuilder$$Lambda$1000/0x00007fc214927718.accept(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
at org.hibernate.loader.ast.internal.LoaderSelectBuilder.visitFetches(LoaderSelectBuilder.java:805) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.loader.ast.internal.LoaderSelectBuilder$$Lambda$993/0x00007fc214921528.visitFetches(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
at org.hibernate.loader.ast.internal.LoaderSqlAstCreationState.visitFetches(LoaderSqlAstCreationState.java:150) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.sql.results.graph.AbstractFetchParent.afterInitialize(AbstractFetchParent.java:30) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.sql.results.graph.entity.AbstractEntityResultGraphNode.afterInitialize(AbstractEntityResultGraphNode.java:68) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.sql.results.graph.entity.internal.EntityFetchJoinedImpl.<init>(EntityFetchJoinedImpl.java:58) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]
at org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.internal.ToOneAttributeMapping.buildEntityFetchJoined(ToOneAttributeMapping.java:1383) ~[hibernate-core-6.2.13.Final.jar:6.2.13.Final]

有没有朋友遇到过类似的问题？或者能给我一些排查方向的建议？非常感谢！

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Chiral Systems