问题场景 #

我是Debian系统用户，以root身份在Shell中尝试通过以下命令安装Telegram：

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/telegram
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install telegram

但执行第一条命令时出现了如下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/add-apt-repository", line 11, in <module>
    from softwareproperties.SoftwareProperties import SoftwareProperties, shortcut_handler
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 27, in <module>
    import apt_pkg
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apt_pkg'
Error in sys.excepthook:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 63, in apport_excepthook
    from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from apport.report import Report
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 30, in <module>
    import apport.fileutils
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/fileutils.py", line 23, in <module>
    from apport.packaging_impl import impl as packaging
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/packaging_impl.py", line 23, in <module>
    import apt
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    import apt_pkg
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apt_pkg'
Original exception was:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/add-apt-repository", line 11, in <module>
    from softwareproperties.SoftwareProperties import SoftwareProperties, shortcut_handler
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 27, in <module>
    import apt_pkg
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apt_pkg'

解决方案 #

1. 修复apt_pkg模块缺失问题 #

这个错误的核心是Python3的apt_pkg模块丢失或者路径异常，优先尝试重新安装对应的依赖包：

apt-get install --reinstall python3-apt

如果重新安装后还是报错，大概率是Python模块路径的软链接问题，你可以按以下步骤操作：

• 先找到系统中apt_pkg的实际文件位置：

find /usr/lib -name "apt_pkg*.so"

• 将找到的文件软链接到Python3的dist-packages目录下（替换成你实际查到的路径和Python版本，示例中是Python3.9）：

ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/python3.9/apt_pkg.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt_pkg.so

2. 更适合Debian的Telegram安装方式 #

这里要提醒你：PPA是Ubuntu专属的软件源，Debian系统使用PPA很容易出现依赖冲突或兼容性问题，更推荐用Telegram官方提供的Debian适配方案：

方式一：添加官方源安装

# 先安装必要的依赖工具
apt-get install apt-transport-https curl
# 添加Telegram的GPG验证密钥
curl -fsSL https://telegram.org/dl/desktop/linux | tee /usr/share/keyrings/telegram-desktop-keyring.asc
# 添加官方软件源
echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/telegram-desktop-keyring.asc] https://telegram.org/dl/desktop/linux stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/telegram-desktop.list
# 更新源并安装Telegram
apt-get update
apt-get install telegram-desktop

方式二：直接下载二进制包

从Telegram官网下载桌面版压缩包，解压后直接运行里面的Telegram文件即可，无需依赖系统包管理，也不会有源相关的问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mostafa Norzade