Debian 12 Bookworm执行apt安装软件包时大量出现“E: Unable to locate package”错误求助

我在尝试安装一些常用软件包时遇到了大量的E: Unable to locate package错误，已经执行过apt-get update和apt-get upgrade命令，但问题依然存在。这是一台全新的德国VPS，安装了Debian 12系统，我通过SSH操作，网络连通性没问题（ping测试正常）。

我的/etc/apt/sources.list文件内容如下：

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

我遇到的错误列表如下：

E: Unable to locate package apt-clone
E: Unable to locate package containerd.io
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'containerd.io'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'containerd.io'
E: Unable to locate package cpp-8
E: Unable to locate package docker-buildx-plugin
E: Package 'docker-ce' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'docker-ce-cli' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'docker-ce-rootless-extras' has no installation candidate
E: Unable to locate package docker-compose-plugin
E: Package 'g++-8' has no installation candidate
E: Unable to locate package gcc-8
E: Unable to locate package gcc-8-base:amd64
E: Unable to locate package golang-1.11
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'golang-1.11'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'golang-1.11'
E: Unable to locate package golang-1.11-doc
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'golang-1.11-doc'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'golang-1.11-doc'
E: Unable to locate package golang-1.11-go
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'golang-1.11-go'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'golang-1.11-go'
E: Unable to locate package golang-1.11-src
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'golang-1.11-src'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'golang-1.11-src'
E: Package 'mariadb-client-10.3' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'mariadb-client-core-10.3' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'mariadb-server-10.3' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'mariadb-server-core-10.3' has no installation candidate
E: Unable to locate package netstandard-targeting-pack-2.1
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'netstandard-targeting-pack-2.1'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'netstandard-targeting-pack-2.1'
E: Unable to locate package packages-microsoft-prod
E: Unable to locate package perl-modules-5.28
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'perl-modules-5.28'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'perl-modules-5.28'
E: Unable to locate package php-symfony-debug
E: Package 'php7.4' has no installation candidate
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-bcmath
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-bcmath'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-bcmath'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-bz2
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-bz2'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-bz2'
E: Package 'php7.4-cli' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'php7.4-common' has no installation candidate
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-curl
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-curl'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-curl'
E: Package 'php7.4-fpm' has no installation candidate
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-gd
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-gd'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-gd'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-imagick
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-imagick'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-imagick'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-intl
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-intl'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-intl'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-json
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-json'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-json'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-mbstring
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-mbstring'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-mbstring'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-mysql
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-mysql'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-mysql'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-opcache
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-opcache'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-opcache'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-readline
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-readline'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-readline'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-soap
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-soap'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-soap'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-sqlite3
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-sqlite3'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-sqlite3'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-sqlite3-dbgsym
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-sqlite3-dbgsym'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-sqlite3-dbgsym'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-xml
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-xml'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-xml'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-xmlrpc
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-xmlrpc'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-xmlrpc'
E: Unable to locate package php7.4-zip
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'php7.4-zip'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'php7.4-zip'
E: Unable to locate package postgresql-16
E: Unable to locate package postgresql-client-16
E: Package 'python' has no installation candidate
E: Unable to locate package python-meld3
E: Package 'python-minimal' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'python-pkg-resources' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'python2' has no installation candidate
E: Unable to locate package python2-minimal
E: Unable to locate package python2.7
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'python2.7'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'python2.7'
E: Unable to locate package python2.7-minimal
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'python2.7-minimal'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'python2.7-minimal'
E: Package 'python3.7' has no installation candidate
E: Unable to locate package python3.7-minimal
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'python3.7-minimal'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'python3.7-minimal'
E: Unable to locate package webmin

apt-get update命令的输出如下：

root@vmi1567361:~# apt-get update

Hit:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease

Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease [52.1 kB]

Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-proposed-updates InRelease [59.5 kB]

Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports InRelease [56.5 kB]

Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease [48.0 kB]

Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports/main amd64 Packages.diff/Index [63.3 kB]

Get:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports/main amd64 Packages T-2023-12-28-0205.20-F-2023-12-28-0205.20.pdiff [296 B]

Get:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports/main amd64 Packages T-2023-12-28-0205.20-F-2023-12-28-0205.20.pdiff [296 B]

Get:8 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 Packages [132 kB]

Get:9 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main Translation-en [78.5 kB]

Fetched 490 kB in 1s (413 kB/s)

Reading package lists... Done

有没有大佬能帮忙解决这个问题？

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Aristy