如何在LaTeX中缩小节点旁标签尺寸以匹配节点内标签

没问题，咱们来搞定这个标签和内部文本尺寸不统一的问题～

问题根源 #

你给节点加了scale=0.75缩小了内部的数字，但节点的label并没有继承这个缩放属性，所以标签文字会比内部数字大一圈，导致视觉上不协调。

两种实用解决思路 #

方案1：逐个调整标签缩放 #

直接在每个label的选项里添加scale=0.75，让标签的缩放比例和节点内部文本完全一致。修改后的完整代码如下：

\begin{tikzpicture} [ 
    > = stealth, % arrow head style
    shorten > = 1pt, % don't touch arrow head to node
    auto,
    node distance = 2cm, % distance between nodes
    thick,
    dashed pattern=on % line style
]
\tikzset{every state}=[
    draw = black,
    thick,
    fill = white,
    minimum size = 1mm
]
% 给每个label添加缩放属性，匹配节点内部文本
\node[shape=circle,draw=black, label={[scale=0.75]right:$2$},scale=0.75] (4) at (0,0) {4};
\node[shape=circle,draw=black, label={[scale=0.75]right:$5.75$}, scale=0.75] (3) at (3,0.75) {3};
\node[shape=circle,draw=black, label={[scale=0.75]right:$4.25$},scale=0.75] (2) at (2,4) {2};
\node[shape=circle,draw=black, label={[scale=0.75]above:$7.75$},scale=0.75] (1) at (0,4) {1};

\path [->] (1) edge node[left] {} (2);
\path [->](2) edge node[left] {} (1);
\path [->,draw, dotted, color=red](1) edge node[left] {} (4);
\path [->,draw, dotted, color=red](4) edge node[left] {} (2);
\path [->,draw, dotted, color=red](2) edge node[right] {} (3);
\path [->,draw, dotted, color=red](3) edge node[left] {} (1);
\end{tikzpicture}

方案2：全局设置标签样式（更高效） #

如果所有节点的标签都需要统一缩放，直接在tikzset里添加全局的标签样式，不用逐个修改节点，省心很多：

\begin{tikzpicture} [ 
    > = stealth, % arrow head style
    shorten > = 1pt, % don't touch arrow head to node
    auto,
    node distance = 2cm, % distance between nodes
    thick,
    dashed pattern=on % line style
]
\tikzset{
    every state/.style={
        draw = black,
        thick,
        fill = white,
        minimum size = 1mm
    },
    every label/.style={scale=0.75} % 全局统一所有标签的缩放比例
}
\node[shape=circle,draw=black, label=right:$2$,scale=0.75] (4) at (0,0) {4};
\node[shape=circle,draw=black, label=right:$5.75$, scale=0.75] (3) at (3,0.75) {3};
\node[shape=circle,draw=black, label=right:$4.25$,scale=0.75] (2) at (2,4) {2};
\node[shape=circle,draw=black, label=above:$7.75$,scale=0.75] (1) at (0,4) {1};

\path [->] (1) edge node[left] {} (2);
\path [->](2) edge node[left] {} (1);
\path [->,draw, dotted, color=red](1) edge node[left] {} (4);
\path [->,draw, dotted, color=red](4) edge node[left] {} (2);
\path [->,draw, dotted, color=red](2) edge node[right] {} (3);
\path [->,draw, dotted, color=red](3) edge node[left] {} (1);
\end{tikzpicture}

效果说明 #

这两种方法都能让节点旁的标签尺寸和内部数字完全匹配，而且不会改变你原本设置的节点内部文本大小，完全符合你的需求。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者bhawesh sah