双系统下USB键盘随机无响应的硬件故障排查求助

大家好，我现在是Debian 12（6.1.0-16-amd64内核）和Windows 11双系统，已经关闭了Windows的快速启动，但最近遇到了一个棘手的USB键盘问题：

我的USB键盘会毫无征兆地突然停止响应——有时候在启动阶段就出问题（比如GRUB菜单或者BIOS里键盘完全没反应），有时候开机30~50分钟后才会失灵。其他USB设备之前都正常工作，包括U盘和带USB接收器的无线鼠标，但写这段内容的时候鼠标突然断过一次，之前没出现过这种情况。

我已经尝试了不少方法，但都没解决问题，具体做了这些：

• 把键盘插过主板上所有的USB接口，不管是USB2.0还是3.0的都试过了
• 拔掉其他所有USB设备（包括鼠标），单独测试键盘，问题依旧
• 换了另一台不同的USB键盘测试，还是会出现同样的故障
• 在/etc/default/grub里的GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT参数中添加了usbcore.autosuspend=-1和usbcore.old_scheme_first=1，之后也执行了sudo update-grub更新配置

另外在Windows 11里也有相关问题，但键盘不会完全断电，而是会一直重复输入单个按键，直到我拔下来重新插才行。Windows里的USB自动休眠功能也已经关闭了。

目前只有一个临时的缓解方法：有时候把键盘换到另一个USB口能暂时恢复正常，但过段时间还是会失灵。

下面是dmesg --level=err的错误输出，里面反复提到EMI相关的提示：

[    9.745860] usb usb1-port6: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[  111.293266] usb usb1-port6: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[  547.208550] usb usb1-port6: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[  557.685632] usb 1-6: device not accepting address 5, error -71
[  567.953617] usb 1-6: device not accepting address 6, error -71
[  583.826059] usb 1-6: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[  599.441798] usb 1-6: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[  615.314514] usb 1-6: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[  631.138643] usb 1-6: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[  631.247839] usb usb1-port6: unable to enumerate USB device
[  730.752101] usb 1-6: device not accepting address 9, error -71
[  741.020226] usb 1-6: device not accepting address 10, error -71
[  756.884532] usb 1-6: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[  772.568763] usb 1-6: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[  788.373013] usb 1-6: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[  803.989229] usb 1-6: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[  804.098445] usb usb1-port6: unable to enumerate USB device
[  875.930235] usb 1-6: device not accepting address 13, error -71
[  886.406412] usb 1-6: device not accepting address 14, error -71
[  902.294724] usb 1-6: device descriptor read/64, error -110
[  931.758274] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[  960.475748] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[  985.643873] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[  991.691889] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[  992.154839] usb 5-1: can't set config #1, error -71
[  992.154939] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[  996.251936] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1025.052557] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1049.260758] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1050.300168] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1063.196207] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1097.996794] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1149.676616] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1177.212742] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1188.380858] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1190.925289] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1196.188833] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1209.613342] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1246.477095] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1247.549114] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1274.413199] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1359.165603] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1399.325788] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1403.981819] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1406.317822] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1467.550120] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1482.750197] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1548.414883] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1548.887619] usbhid 5-1:1.0: can't add hid device: -71
[ 1548.887785] usb usb5-port1: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1553.736661] usb 5-1: device not accepting address 30, error -71
[ 1577.693109] usb usb3-port4: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1591.965210] usb usb3-port4: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1596.013230] usb usb3-port4: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1610.685312] usb usb3-port4: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1645.533452] usb usb3-port4: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1915.998732] usb usb3-port4: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 1952.510912] usb usb3-port4: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 2084.848063] usb usb3-port4: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 2197.088045] usb usb3-port4: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...
[ 2264.242157] usb usb3-port4: disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling...

错误日志里一直提示可能是EMI（电磁干扰），但我的主板附近只有电源、机械硬盘和固态硬盘——而且我是裸机运行的，没有机箱，周围也没有其他可能产生干扰的设备。

我感觉这应该是硬件相关的问题，但不知道该怎么进一步调试？难道我的两个键盘都碰巧坏了吗？希望大家能给我一些排查的思路，谢谢！

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Kirill