我之前也碰到过完全一样的情况——升级到Android Studio 3.1.2后，打开Device File Explorer就弹出Error initializing ADB:Android Debug Bridge not found，但在CMD和PowerShell里adb明明能正常运行。结合你给出的错误日志，问题大概率出在Android Support插件（你的版本是10.3.1.2）和AS 3.1.2的兼容性上，给你几个亲测有效的解决办法：

解决方法1：检查并修正SDK路径配置 #

Android Studio可能没正确识别到adb所在的SDK路径：

• 打开File > Project Structure > SDK Location
• 确认Android SDK Location指向的是你实际安装SDK的目录，重点检查platform-tools子目录下是否存在adb.exe
• 如果路径有误，手动修正后点击OK，然后重启Android Studio

解决方法2：调整Android Support插件版本 #

你的Android Support插件版本10.3.1.2和AS 3.1.2兼容性不佳：

• 打开Settings > Plugins，找到Android Support插件
• 先尝试点击Update更新到最新的兼容版本；如果更新选项不可用，就卸载当前插件，然后安装与AS 3.1.2匹配的旧版本（比如10.2.x系列，AS 3.1对应的插件版本通常在这个区间）
• 安装完成后重启Android Studio

解决方法3：手动指定ADB执行文件路径 #

强制让AS使用正确的adb文件：

• 打开Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment > Debugger > Android Debug Bridge
• 在ADB executable选项中，手动选择你SDK目录下platform-tools里的adb.exe
• 点击Apply保存设置，重启AS后再测试Device File Explorer

解决方法4：清除Android Studio缓存 #

缓存损坏也可能导致这类异常：

• 点击File > Invalidate Caches / Restart
• 在弹出的窗口中选择Invalidate and Restart，等待AS重启完成后再尝试使用Device File Explorer

附你提供的错误日志： #

ADB not found com.intellij.openapi.diagnostic.Logger$EmptyThrowable at com.intellij.openapi.diagnostic.Logger.error(Logger.java:140) at com.android.tools.idea.explorer.adbimpl.AdbDeviceFileSystemService.start(AdbDeviceFileSystemService.java:107) at com.android.tools.idea.explorer.DeviceExplorerController.setup(DeviceExplorerController.java:139) at com.android.tools.idea.explorer.DeviceExplorerToolWindowFactory.createToolWindowContent(DeviceExplorerToolWindowFactory.java:51) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.ToolWindowImpl.ensureContentInitialized(ToolWindowImpl.java:573) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.ToolWindowImpl.getContentManager(ToolWindowImpl.java:407) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.RequestFocusInToolWindowCmd.processRequestFocus(RequestFocusInToolWindowCmd.java:73) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.RequestFocusInToolWindowCmd.lambda$run$0(RequestFocusInToolWindowCmd.java:61) at com.intellij.openapi.util.ExecutionCallback.doWhenExecuted(ExecutionCallback.java:100) at com.intellij.openapi.util.ActionCallback.doWhenDone(ActionCallback.java:111) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.RequestFocusInToolWindowCmd.run(RequestFocusInToolWindowCmd.java:61) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:93) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:74) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.FinalizableCommand.finish(FinalizableCommand.java:36) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.ApplyWindowInfoCmd.run(ApplyWindowInfoCmd.java:50) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:93) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:74) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.FinalizableCommand.finish(FinalizableCommand.java:36) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.ApplyWindowInfoCmd.run(ApplyWindowInfoCmd.java:50) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:93) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:74) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.FinalizableCommand.finish(FinalizableCommand.java:36) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.ToolWindowsPane$AddDockedComponentCmd.run(ToolWindowsPane.java:768) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:93) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:74) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.FinalizableCommand.finish(FinalizableCommand.java:36) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.ApplyWindowInfoCmd.run(ApplyWindowInfoCmd.java:50) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:93) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:74) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.FinalizableCommand.finish(FinalizableCommand.java:36) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.ApplyWindowInfoCmd.run(ApplyWindowInfoCmd.java:50) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:93) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:74) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.FinalizableCommand.finish(FinalizableCommand.java:36) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.ApplyWindowInfoCmd.run(ApplyWindowInfoCmd.java:50) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:93) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:74) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.FinalizableCommand.finish(FinalizableCommand.java:36) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.ApplyWindowInfoCmd.run(ApplyWindowInfoCmd.java:50) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:93) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:74) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.FinalizableCommand.finish(FinalizableCommand.java:36) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.ApplyWindowInfoCmd.run(ApplyWindowInfoCmd.java:50) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:93) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.CommandProcessor.run(CommandProcessor.java:74) at com.intellij.openapi.wm.impl.commands.FinalizableCommand.finish(FinalizableComma

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者L0ngx1ng