Ubuntu从23.04升级至23.10时遭遇依赖损坏问题，无法完成升级求助

我刚从22.04 LTS升级到23.04，现在尝试升级到23.10的过程中遇到了以下错误：

Could not calculate the upgrade
[...]
This was likely caused by:

• Unofficial software packages not provided by Ubuntu.
  [...]

错误对话框的样子如下（图片来自reddit帖子）：

我查看了/var/log/dist-upgrade/main.log，发现了这条警告：

WARNING Can't mark 'ubuntu-desktop' for upgrade(E:Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.)

于是我运行了命令：

apt-mark showhold

之后我执行了：

sudo apt update ; sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop^

它安装了一堆内容，但之后问题依旧。

我还尝试了以下命令：

$ sudo sed -i 's/lunar/mantic/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade

结果出现了未满足的依赖问题：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
gnome-remote-desktop : Depends: libmutter-12-0 (>= 44~) but it is not going to be installed
gnome-shell : Depends: gir1.2-mutter-12 (>= 44.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmutter-12-0 (>= 44.2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Broken packages

下面是一些有用的输出信息：

apt-cache policy ubuntu-desktop 的输出： #

ubuntu-desktop:
Installed: 1.501
Candidate: 1.501
*** 1.501 500
500 http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lunar/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

apt-cache policy gnome-remote-desktop libmutter-12-0 gnome-shell gir1.2-mutter-12 libmutter-12-0 的输出： #

gnome-remote-desktop:
Installed: 44.2-0ubuntu1
Candidate: 45.0-1
Version table:
45.0-1 500
500 http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic/main amd64 Packages
*** 44.2-0ubuntu1 100
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

libmutter-12-0:
Installed: 44.3-0ubuntu1.1
Candidate: 44.3-0ubuntu1.1
Version table:
*** 44.3-0ubuntu1.1 100
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

gnome-shell:
Installed: 44.3-0ubuntu1.1
Candidate: 45.1-0ubuntu1
Version table:
45.1-0ubuntu1 500
500 http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-updates/main amd64 Packages
45.0-1ubuntu2 500
500 http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic/main amd64 Packages
*** 44.3-0ubuntu1.1 100
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

gir1.2-mutter-12:
Installed: 44.3-0ubuntu1.1
Candidate: 44.3-0ubuntu1.1
Version table:
*** 44.3-0ubuntu1.1 100
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

libmutter-12-0:
Installed: 44.3-0ubuntu1.1
Candidate: 44.3-0ubuntu1.1
Version table:
*** 44.3-0ubuntu1.1 100
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

grep ^deb /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* 的输出： #

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/1password.list:deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/1password-archive-keyring.gpg] https://downloads.1password.com/linux/debian/amd64 stable main
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/1password.list.distUpgrade:deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/1password-archive-keyring.gpg] https://downloads.1password.com/linux/debian/amd64 stable main
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/1password.list.save:deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/1password-archive-keyring.gpg] https://downloads.1password.com/linux/debian/amd64 stable main
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list:deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list.distUpgrade:deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list.save:deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list:deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu   jammy stable
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list.distUpgrade:deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu   jammy stable
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list.save:deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu   jammy stable
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozillateam-ubuntu-ppa-jammy.list.save:deb https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/mozillateam/ppa/ubuntu/ lunar main # disabled on upgrade to lunar

grep ^deb /etc/apt/sources.list 的输出： #

deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ mantic main restricted
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ mantic-updates main restricted
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ mantic universe
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ mantic-updates universe
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ mantic multiverse
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ mantic-updates multiverse
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ mantic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu mantic-security multiverse

现在我有点不知所措了，接下来该怎么做呢？

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者klutt