PowerShell中ListBox关联显示名与计算机名：用数组还是集合？

当然可以实现显示名和计算机名的关联！数组是一种可行的方法，但Windows Forms的ListBox本身就提供了更灵活的方式来存储额外数据，我给你几种实用方案：

方案1：用自定义对象（推荐） #

这是最清晰、易维护的方式——创建包含显示名和计算机名的自定义对象，让ListBox显示友好名称，同时存储完整对象。选中项时直接提取计算机名即可：

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing

# 定义计算机列表：包含友好显示名和实际计算机名
$computers = @(
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        DisplayName = 'Screen in building 1 first floor'
        ComputerName = 'PC-B1-01'
    },
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        DisplayName = 'Screen in building 1 second floor'
        ComputerName = 'PC-B1-02'
    },
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        DisplayName = 'Screen in building 2 4th floor'
        ComputerName = 'PC-B2-04'
    },
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        DisplayName = 'Screen in building 3 basement'
        ComputerName = 'PC-B3-B01'
    }
)

$form = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form
$form.Text = 'Select a Computer'
$form.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(300,200)
$form.StartPosition = 'CenterScreen'

$OKButton = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button
$OKButton.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(75,120)
$OKButton.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(75,23)
$OKButton.Text = 'OK'
$OKButton.DialogResult = [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK
$form.AcceptButton = $OKButton
$form.Controls.Add($OKButton)

$CancelButton = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button
$CancelButton.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(150,120)
$CancelButton.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(75,23)
$CancelButton.Text = 'Cancel'
$CancelButton.DialogResult = [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::Cancel
$form.CancelButton = $CancelButton
$form.Controls.Add($CancelButton)

$label = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Label
$label.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(10,20)
$label.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(280,20)
$label.Text = 'Please select a computer:'
$form.Controls.Add($label)

$listBox = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.ListBox
$listBox.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(10,40)
$listBox.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(260,20)
$listBox.Height = 80

# 关键设置：指定ListBox显示对象的DisplayName属性
$listBox.DisplayMember = 'DisplayName'
# 绑定数据源为自定义对象数组
$listBox.DataSource = $computers

$form.Controls.Add($listBox)
$form.Topmost = $true

$result = $form.ShowDialog()
if ($result -eq [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK) {
    $selectedComputer = $listBox.SelectedItem
    $c = Get-Credential Domain\Username
    # 直接提取对象的ComputerName属性
    Restart-Computer -ComputerName $selectedComputer.ComputerName -Credential $c -Force
    Write-Host "Restarting: $($selectedComputer.DisplayName) ($($selectedComputer.ComputerName))"
}

这种方法的优势是：显示名和计算机名绑定在一起，不会因为顺序调整出错，后期维护也更直观。

方案2：用数组索引关联 #

如果你偏爱简单的数组方式，可以创建两个对应顺序的数组——一个存显示名，一个存计算机名，通过选中项的索引来匹配：

# 定义对应顺序的数组
$displayNames = @(
    'Screen in building 1 first floor',
    'Screen in building 1 second floor',
    'Screen in building 2 4th floor',
    'Screen in building 3 basement'
)
$computerNames = @(
    'PC-B1-01',
    'PC-B1-02',
    'PC-B2-04',
    'PC-B3-B01'
)

# 向ListBox添加显示名
foreach ($name in $displayNames) {
    [void]$listBox.Items.Add($name)
}

# 选中后的处理
if ($result -eq [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK) {
    $selectedIndex = $listBox.SelectedIndex
    $targetComputer = $computerNames[$selectedIndex]
    $c = Get-Credential Domain\Username
    Restart-Computer -ComputerName $targetComputer -Credential $c -Force
}

⚠️ 注意：这种方式必须严格保证两个数组的顺序完全对应，否则会出现匹配错误，适合简单且不会频繁修改的场景。

方案3：用ListBoxItem的Tag属性 #

你也可以给每个ListBox项单独设置Tag属性，把计算机名存在这个属性里：

# 添加项时设置Tag
$item1 = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.ListBoxItem('Screen in building 1 first floor')
$item1.Tag = 'PC-B1-01'
[void]$listBox.Items.Add($item1)

$item2 = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.ListBoxItem('Screen in building 1 second floor')
$item2.Tag = 'PC-B1-02'
[void]$listBox.Items.Add($item2)

# 选中后的处理
if ($result -eq [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK) {
    $targetComputer = $listBox.SelectedItem.Tag
    $c = Get-Credential Domain\Username
    Restart-Computer -ComputerName $targetComputer -Credential $c -Force
}

这种方式适合单个项需要存储额外数据的场景，操作也比较直接。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Matt Williamson