如何解决Eclipse中caching_sha2_password认证插件加载失败问题

阿华AIGC实验室

2026-5-28

解决"Unable to load authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password'"错误

嘿，这个问题我熟！你在Eclipse里启动应用时碰到的这个错误，本质是MySQL版本和JDBC驱动不兼容导致的：MySQL 8.0及以上版本默认启用了caching_sha2_password认证插件，但旧版的MySQL JDBC驱动（比如5.x系列）并不支持这个新插件。下面给你几个靠谱的解决办法：

方案1：升级MySQL JDBC驱动到兼容版本

这是最推荐的长期解决方案，直接让驱动跟上MySQL的节奏：

如果你用Maven管理项目，直接在pom.xml里更新依赖到最新的8.x稳定版：

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.33</version> <!-- 可以换成官网最新的稳定版本 -->
</dependency>

要是你手动管理jar包，下载最新的mysql-connector-java-8.x.x.jar替换掉项目里旧的驱动包，别忘了在Eclipse的Build Path里更新引用哦。

方案2：修改MySQL用户的认证方式为旧版支持的类型

如果暂时不想升级驱动，也可以把数据库用户的认证方式改回旧版驱动支持的mysql_native_password：

打开MySQL控制台，用root账号登录：

mysql -u root -p

执行下面的SQL修改用户（把your_username和your_password换成你自己的用户名和密码）：

ALTER USER 'your_username'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'your_password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

这里的%表示允许该用户远程连接，如果只需要本地连接，可以换成localhost。

方案3：在JDBC连接URL中添加兼容参数

如果升级驱动后还是有小问题，或者想临时兼容，可以在你的JDBC连接URL里加上几个参数：

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/your_db_name?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC

allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true：允许驱动从服务器获取公钥，解决新认证方式的密钥问题
useSSL=false：如果是本地开发环境，可以暂时关闭SSL（生产环境根据需求调整）
serverTimezone=UTC：MySQL 8.0要求指定时区，避免时区相关的报错

你提供的错误堆栈跟踪

java.sql.SQLException: Unable to load authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password'.
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:868)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:864)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.proceedHandshakeWithPluggableAuthentication(MysqlIO.java:1746)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.doHandshake(MysqlIO.java:1226)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.coreConnect(ConnectionImpl.java:2191)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2222)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2017)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.(ConnectionImpl.java:779)
at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.(JDBC4Connection.java:47)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:425)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:389)
at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:330)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source)
at ch.qos.logback.core.db.DriverManagerConnectionSource.getConnection(DriverManagerConnectionSource.java:54)
at ch.qos.logback.core.db.ConnectionSourceBase.discoverConnectionProperties(ConnectionSourceBase.java:46)
at ch.qos.logback.core.db.DriverManagerConnectionSource.start(DriverManagerConnectionSource.java:38)
at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA.end(NestedComplexPropertyIA.java:161)
at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.Interpreter.callEndAction(Interpreter.java:309)
at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.Interpreter.endElement(Interpreter.java:193)
at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.Interpreter.endElement(Interpreter.java:179)
at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.EventPlayer.play(EventPlayer.java:62)
at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.GenericConfigurator.doConfigure(GenericConfigurator.java:165)
at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.GenericConfigurator.doConfigure(GenericConfigurator.java:152)
at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.GenericConfigurator.doConfigure(GenericConfigurator.java:110)
at ch.qos.logback.core.joran.GenericConfigurator.doConfigure(GenericConfigurator.java:53)
at ch.qos.logback.classic.util.ContextInitializer.configureByResource(ContextInitializer.java:75)
at ch.qos.logback.classic.util.ContextInitializer.autoConfig(ContextInitializer.java:150)
at org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder.init(StaticLoggerBinder.java:84)
at org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder.(StaticLoggerBinder.java:55)
at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.bind(LoggerFactory.java:150)
at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.performInitialization(LoggerFactory.java:124)
at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory(LoggerFactory.java:412)
at ch.qos.logback.classic.util.StatusViaSLF4JLoggerFactory.addStatus(StatusViaSLF4JLoggerFactory.java:32)
at ch.qos.logback.classic.util.StatusViaSLF4JLoggerFactory.addInfo(StatusViaSLF4JLoggerFactory.java:20)
at ch.qos.logback.classic.servlet.LogbackServletContainerInitializer.onStartup(LogbackServletContainerInitializer.java:32)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5245)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1421)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1411)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)