R中geomorph及依赖mvtnorm包安装失败求助

首先，你的核心问题是缺少Fortran编译器，导致依赖包mvtnorm无法从源码编译安装，进而卡住了geomorph的安装流程。以下是具体的修复步骤：

• 第一步：安装Xcode命令行工具
  打开终端，输入以下命令并按回车，按照提示完成安装（这会提供基础的编译环境）：

  xcode-select --install
  

• 第二步：安装适配High Sierra的gfortran编译器
  你的MacOS是High Sierra，需要下载对应版本的gfortran安装包（比如gfortran 6.1版本，完美适配该系统），运行安装包完成编译器配置。

• 第三步：优先安装二进制版本的mvtnorm
  安装mvtnorm时，直接指定安装预编译好的二进制版本，跳过源码编译环节：

  install.packages("mvtnorm", type = "binary")
  

• 第四步：重新安装geomorph
  依赖问题解决后，再次执行安装命令即可：

  install.packages("geomorph")
  

你的原始问题回顾 #

我尝试在R中安装几何形态测量包geomorph，但每次安装都会出现如下错误信息：

> install.packages("geomorph") 
There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
        binary source needs_compilation
geomorph 3.0.5  3.0.6              FALSE
installing the source package ‘geomorph’

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/geomorph_3.0.6.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 545863 bytes (533 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 533 KB

Warning in strptime(xx, f <- "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%OS", tz = tz) :
  unknown timezone 'default/America/Toronto'
* installing *source* package ‘geomorph’ ...
** package ‘geomorph’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** R
** data
** inst
** preparing package for lazy loading
Error in loadNamespace(i, c(lib.loc, .libPaths()), versionCheck = vI[[i]]) :
  there is no package called ‘mvtnorm’
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package ‘geomorph’
* removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.3/Resources/library/geomorph’
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘geomorph’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
	‘/private/var/folders/4p/m9yg9rg94v13j49zxnp9kzzh0000gn/T/RtmpCBCHAn/downloaded_packages’

我使用RStudio进行操作，也尝试过直接用R，已升级至最新MacOS HighSierra，试过重启应用程序、安装并重启XQuartz，但目前所有尝试均无效。我在2015年初款MacBook Air上运行R，已无解决思路，欢迎提供任何建议。

编辑补充：尝试安装mvtnorm也失败 #

报错信息如下：

> install.packages("mvtnorm")
There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
        binary source needs_compilation
mvtnorm  1.0-6  1.0-7              TRUE
Do you want to install from sources the package which needs compilation? y/n: y
installing the source package ‘mvtnorm’

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/mvtnorm_1.0-7.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 159381 bytes (155 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 155 KB

* installing *source* package ‘mvtnorm’ ...
** package ‘mvtnorm’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** libs
clang -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG - I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -fPIC - Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2 -c C_FORTRAN_interface.c -o C_FORTRAN_interface.o
clang -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG - I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -fPIC - Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2 -c miwa.c -o miwa.o
gfortran-4.8 -fPIC -g -O2 -c mvt.f -o mvt.o
make: gfortran-4.8: No such file or directory
make: *** [mvt.o] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘mvtnorm’
* removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.3/Resources/library/mvtnorm’
* restoring previous ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.3/Resources/library/mvtnorm’
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘mvtnorm’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
	‘/private/var/folders/4p/m9yg9rg94v13j49zxnp9kzzh0000gn/T/RtmpCBCHAn/downloaded_packages’

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者William Bell