Ubuntu 22.04下华硕UX3402ZA笔记本TRRS组合插孔麦克风被识别但无法工作的求助

大家好，我遇到了一个头疼的音频问题，想请各位帮忙看看：

我把森海塞尔GSP 302立体声耳机麦克风（带TRRS插头）插在笔记本的4针3.5mm组合插孔上，耳机的立体声输出正常，但麦克风完全没反应，而笔记本的内置麦克风是可以正常工作的。

硬件/软件基础信息 #

• 操作系统：Ubuntu 22.04（与Windows 11双系统）
• 笔记本型号：华硕UX3402ZA
• 声卡：sof-hda-dsp
• 音频芯片组：Realtek ALC294
• 耳机麦克风：森海塞尔GSP 302（已确认在Windows系统下可正常工作）

备注：我之前通过补丁修复了内置扬声器无声音的问题，现在除了组合插孔的麦克风输入外，其他所有音频功能（包括内置麦克风）都正常运行。

Pulseaudio相关操作与状态 #

之前我发现组合插孔的输入源处于SUSPENDED状态（原因：IDLE），于是修改了/etc/pulse/default.pa文件，注释掉了以下内容：

### Automatically suspend sinks/sources that become idle for too long
#load-module module-suspend-on-idle

现在Pulseaudio已经识别到组合插孔的输入设备，通过pacmd list-sources可以看到：

$ pacmd
>>> list-sources

[...]
* index: 4
name: <alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3-platform-skl_hda_dsp_generic.HiFi__hw_sofhdadsp__source>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: RUNNING
suspend cause: (none)
priority: 9032
volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB,   front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0.33 ms
max rewind: 0 KiB
sample spec: s16le 2ch 48000Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stéréo
used by: 1
linked by: 1
configured latency: 40.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 341.33 ms
card: 0 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3-platform-skl_hda_dsp_generic>
module: 7
properties:
    alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
    device.api = "alsa"
    device.class = "sound"
    alsa.class = "generic"
    alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
    alsa.name = ""
    alsa.id = "HDA Analog (*)"
    alsa.subdevice = "0"
    alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
    alsa.device = "0"
    alsa.card = "0"
    alsa.card_name = "sof-hda-dsp"
    alsa.long_card_name = "ASUSTeKCOMPUTERINC.-ZenbookUX3402ZA_UX3402ZA-1.0-UX3402ZA"
    alsa.driver_name = "snd_soc_skl_hda_dsp"
    device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1f.3-platform-skl_hda_dsp_generic"
    sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/skl_hda_dsp_generic/sound/card0"
    device.bus = "pci"
    device.vendor.id = "8086"
    device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
    device.product.id = "51c8"
    device.string = "_ucm0001.hw:sofhdadsp"
    device.buffering.buffer_size = "65536"
    device.buffering.fragment_size = "16384"
    device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
    device.profile.name = "HiFi: hw:sofhdadsp: source"
    device.profile.description = "Headphones Stereo Microphone"
    alsa.mixer_device = "_ucm0001.hw:sofhdadsp"
    device.description = "sof-hda-dsp Headphones Stereo Microphone"
    module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
    device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
ports:
    [In] Mic2: Headphones Stereo Microphone (priority 200, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
properties:
    active port: <[In] Mic2>

index: 5
name: <alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3-platform-skl_hda_dsp_generic.HiFi__hw_sofhdadsp_6__source>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: RUNNING
suspend cause: (none)
priority: 9031
volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB,   front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 30419 /  46% / -20.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0.46 ms
max rewind: 0 KiB
sample spec: s16le 2ch 48000Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stéréo
used by: 1
linked by: 1
configured latency: 40.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 341.33 ms
card: 0 <alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3-platform-skl_hda_dsp_generic>
module: 7
properties:
    alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
    device.api = "alsa"
    device.class = "sound"
    alsa.class = "generic"
    alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
    alsa.name = ""
    alsa.id = "DMIC (*)"
    alsa.subdevice = "0"
    alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
    alsa.device = "6"
    alsa.card = "0"
    alsa.card_name = "sof-hda-dsp"
    alsa.long_card_name = "ASUSTeKCOMPUTERINC.-ZenbookUX3402ZA_UX3402ZA-1.0-UX3402ZA"
    alsa.driver_name = "snd_soc_skl_hda_dsp"
    device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1f.3-platform-skl_hda_dsp_generic"
    sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/skl_hda_dsp_generic/sound/card0"
    device.bus = "pci"
    device.vendor.id = "8086"
    device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
    device.product.id = "51c8"
    device.string = "_ucm0001.hw:sofhdadsp,6"
    device.buffering.buffer_size = "65536"
    device.buffering.fragment_size = "16384"
    device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
    device.profile.name = "HiFi: hw:sofhdadsp,6: source"
    device.profile.description = "Digital Microphone"
    alsa.mixer_device = "_ucm0001.hw:sofhdadsp"
    device.description = "sof-hda-dsp Digital Microphone"
    module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
    device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
ports:
    [In] Mic1: Digital Microphone (priority 100, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
properties:
    active port: <[In] Mic1>

虽然Pavucontrol里能看到这个组合插孔输入设备，但完全检测不到任何输入信号。

Alsa相关尝试 #

我原本以为Alsa应该在“HDA Analog 0”下捕获组合插孔的麦克风信号，但实际在alsamixer里看不到对应的选项。

我尝试修改/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf文件，分别单独添加以下配置（没有混合使用），但每次修改后重启，耳机输出依然正常，麦克风还是没有输入信号：

#options snd-hda-intel model=asus-zenbook
#options snd-hda-intel model=dell-headset-multi
#options snd-hda-intel model=aspire-headset-mic

HDAJackRetask操作尝试 #

我用HDAJackRetask工具查看Realtek ALC294的引脚情况，发现只有两个引脚显示为已连接：

• ID 0x17：内置扬声器
• ID 0x21：黑色耳机（立体声输出正常）

奇怪的是，虽然内置麦克风能正常工作，但工具里没有显示内置麦克风或耳机麦克风的连接引脚。

另外有几个未连接的引脚可以设置为“Microphone”，分别是ID 0x19、0x1a、0x1b。我尝试了两种设置：

1. 单独覆盖ID 0x19为麦克风
2. 同时覆盖ID 0x1a和0x1b为麦克风

每次设置后我都选择了“安装启动覆盖”并重启系统，但重启后打开HDAJackRetask，这些引脚依然显示为未连接，问题也没有解决。

我的推测与求助 #

我怀疑问题根源在Alsa层面，因为Pulseaudio已经能识别并加载组合插孔的输入设备，但Alsa似乎没有正确捕获到麦克风的信号。

我已经花了好几天在这个问题上，尝试了各种方法都没解决，希望各位能给我一些提示或建议，非常感谢！

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者AlexMrsh