Ubuntu 23.04升级至23.10失败：NVIDIA相关软件包滞留引发的问题及疑问

最近我在尝试把Ubuntu 23.04升级到23.10时，碰到了一连串闹心的问题，折腾了好一阵子，想跟大家聊聊整个过程，也希望能得到一些解惑：

• GUI升级直接崩溃：一点击「Upgrade...」按钮，升级界面就直接闪退，连个提示信息都没有，实在太不人性化了！

无奈之下转用命令行操作，结果还是遇到一堆问题：

首先执行sudo apt upgrade，发现有4个NVIDIA相关的软件包被系统滞留，无法升级：

$ sudo apt upgrade

(...)

The following packages have been kept back:

linux-modules-nvidia-535-6.2.0-39-generic linux-modules-nvidia-535-generic-hwe-22.04 linux-objects-nvidia-535-6.2.0-39-generic

linux-signatures-nvidia-6.2.0-39-generic

0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 4 not to upgrade.

接着尝试发行版升级命令sudo do-release-upgrade，结果系统提示我的Ubuntu版本已经不再受支持，要求我先安装所有可用更新才能继续：

$ sudo do-release-upgrade

Checking for a new Ubuntu release

Your Ubuntu release is not supported anymore.

Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading.

这时候我彻底懵了，有一堆疑问想问：

• 能不能强制进行发行版升级？
• 有没有办法强制更新这些被滞留的软件包？
• 能不能让系统忽略这些滞留的包直接升级？
• 为啥偏偏只有我遇到这个问题啊？

尝试解决的过程 #

1. 重装软件包失败：我试着用重装命令来修复这些包，结果还是报错，提示依赖不满足：

$ sudo apt reinstall linux-modules-nvidia-535-6.2.0-39-generic linux-modules-nvidia-535-generic-hwe-22.04 linux-objects-nvidia-535-6.2.0-39-generic linux-signatures-nvidia-6.2.0-39-generic

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.

The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies.

linux-modules-nvidia-535-6.2.0-39-generic : Depends: nvidia-kernel-common-535 (>= 535.154.05) but 535.146.02-0ubuntu0.23.04.1 is to be installed

linux-modules-nvidia-535-generic-hwe-22.04 : Depends: nvidia-kernel-common-535 (>= 535.154.05) but 535.146.02-0ubuntu0.23.04.1 is to be installed

E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

2. 找到可行的临时解决办法：后来尝试了一个特定的升级命令，居然成功推进了流程，现在终于能启动发行版升级了：

sudo apt install --only-upgrade linux-signatures-nvidia-6.2.0-39-generic

执行这个命令后，系统自动移除了linux-modules-nvidia-530-generic-hwe-22.04、linux-modules-nvidia-535-6.2.0-39-generic和linux-modules-nvidia-535-generic-hwe-22.04这几个包，之后再运行sudo apt dist-upgrade，成功更新了linux-objects-nvidia-535-6.2.0-39-generic。

现在我虽然已经能启动do-release-upgrade了，但还是对整个软件包依赖的机制一头雾水，希望能有人帮忙解释下为什么会出现这种情况。

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Andreas K. aus M.