Ubuntu 22.04下APT安装/重装GCC失败，且NVIDIA驱动安装因GCC问题报错的求助

大家好，我最近在安装NVIDIA驱动时碰到了棘手的问题：用安装脚本尝试安装驱动，结果弹出了如下错误：

ERROR: Unable to find the development tool cc in your
path; please make sure that you have the package
'gcc' installed. If gcc is installed on your system,
then please check that cc is in your PATH.

我用apt查询后，系统显示GCC已经安装，但执行which gcc却没有任何返回结果。于是我尝试重新安装GCC，结果又出现了一堆异常，好多包都提示类似的错误，完全摸不着头绪，重装过程的输出如下：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Need to get 5,112 B of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 gcc amd64 4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1 [5,112 B]
Fetched 5,112 B in 0s (39.7 kB/s)
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libuno-cppuhelpergcc3-3' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-mingw-w64-i686-win32' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libuno-purpenvhelpergcc3-3' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libx32gcc-s1' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-mingw-w64-i686-posix' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-mingw-w64-base:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-12-base:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-12-base:i386' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-mingw-w64-i686' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-mingw-w64-i686-posix-runtime' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libx32gcc-11-dev' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-12' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'lib32gcc-s1' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-11' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-mingw-w64-i686-win32-runtime' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gdm3' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libuno-salhelpergcc3-3' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-11-multilib' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-multilib' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'lib32gcc-11-dev' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
(Reading database ... 450000 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../gcc_4%3a11.2.0-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gcc (4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1) over (4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Setting up gcc (4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1) ...
update-alternatives: error: alternative path /usr/bin/gcc doesn't exist
dpkg: error processing package gcc (--configure):
 installed gcc package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/de.UTF-8/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/de.UTF-8/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't rename /var/cache/man/de.UTF-8/15728 to /var/cache/man/de.UTF-8/index.db: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/de.UTF-8/index.db: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/de.UTF-8/index.db: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't chmod /var/cache/man/oldlocal/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
/usr/bin/mandb: can't remove /var/cache/man/oldlocal/CACHEDIR.TAG: Operation not permitted
Errors were encountered while processing:
 gcc
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

编辑补充：后来我找到了问题根源——重装系统时我保留了之前安装的home、var和etc文件夹。本来想避免重新安装整个系统，但最后还是妥协了，重装系统后问题才解决。

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Xamotex 1000