ASM1062 PCI-E SATA扩展卡连接硬盘出现WRITE FPDMA QUEUED错误导致RAID1故障的排查咨询

设备配置情况 #

我最近折腾了一台家用服务器，用的是ASRock QC5000M主板，装了Debian 12系统，目标是给两块硬盘做RAID 1。但这主板只有2个SATA口，所以我加了一块chenyang SA-208-CY PCIe SATA扩展卡，多出来2个SATA口。

用到的硬盘是两块2TB的西部数据蓝盘WDC WD20EZRZ-00Z，从2017年用到现在，用smartctl测过SMART数据，全是0错误，状态正常。

具体连接方式：

• 主板SATA1口接1块SSD（系统盘）
• 主板SATA2口接1块HDD（RAID成员盘）
• PCIe扩展卡接1块HDD（RAID成员盘）

遇到的问题 #

我把两块HDD组成RAID 1之后，每次重启服务器，文件系统都会损坏！每次都得手动运行fsck.ext4 -y /dev/md0修复才行。一开始只是少量inode错误，后来情况越来越糟，修复的时候直接删掉了我几乎所有文件（还好之前做了备份，没丢重要数据）。

没办法，我只能把扩展卡上的那块HDD从RAID阵列里移除，只剩主板上的单盘RAID 1才能正常工作，这显然完全失去了RAID 1的冗余意义。

我查了dmesg日志，发现了这些关键错误：

• ata4.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
• ata4: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 320)

我换了一根SATA线试了试，还是出现同样的错误。

然后我用lspci查了SATA控制器的状态，发现扩展卡的控制器没标注AHCI模式：

lspci -nn | grep -i sata
00:11.0 SATA controller [0106]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] [1022:7801] (rev 40)
05:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller [1b21:0612] (rev 02)

我想请教：是不是扩展卡没工作在AHCI模式导致RAID 1故障？有没有办法在Debian 12里配置解决这个问题？另外我看到Ubuntu社区的相关回答说可能是SATA供电或者电源的问题，但我现在不在服务器旁边，暂时没法测试这个方向。

后续排查更新 #

我后来搜了一下“WRITE FPDMA QUEUED”和“ASM1062”的相关问题，发现有人提到：只有把硬盘接在ASM1062扩展卡的COM4口时才会出问题，接另一个COM3口就不会报错。我打算尽快远程操作试试这个方案。

更新2：换接口后问题依旧 #

我把硬盘换到扩展卡的另一个接口后，错误还是出现了！只是日志里的错误变成了ata3.00上的WRITE FPDMA QUEUED和NCQ相关错误。

附：完整dmesg错误日志 #

[  107.152069] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x2 SErr 0x400000 action 0x6 frozen
[  107.152113] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[  107.152129] ata4: SError: { Handshk }
[  107.152148] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[  107.152162] ata4.00: cmd 61/01:08:08:08:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq dma 512 out
res 40/00:0c:08:08:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[  107.152207] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
[  107.152232] ata4: hard resetting link
[  107.627952] ata4: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[  107.629311] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[  107.629360] ata4: EH complete
[  107.696032] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x81000 SErr 0x400000 action 0x6 frozen
[  107.696076] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[  107.696092] ata4: SError: { Handshk }
[  107.696113] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[  107.696127] ata4.00: cmd 61/01:60:08:08:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 12 ncq dma 512 out
res 40/00:9c:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[  107.696173] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
[  107.696189] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[  107.696201] ata4.00: cmd 60/08:98:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 19 ncq dma 4096 in
res 40/00:9c:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[  107.696250] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
[  107.696273] ata4: hard resetting link
[  108.167983] ata4: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[  108.169348] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[  108.169417] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#19 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[  108.169435] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#19 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
[  108.169447] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#19 Add. Sense: Unaligned write command
[  108.169460] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#19 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
[  108.169468] I/O error, dev sdc, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[  108.169535] ata4: EH complete
[  108.207911] md: recovery of RAID array md0
[  108.331923] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x400000 SErr 0x400000 action 0x6 frozen
[  108.331970] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[  108.331988] ata4: SError: { Handshk }
[  108.332012] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[  108.332027] ata4.00: cmd 61/00:b0:00:10:04/0a:00:00:00:00/40 tag 22 ncq dma 1310720 ou
res 40/00:b4:00:10:04/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[  108.332079] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
[  108.332101] ata4: hard resetting link
[  108.811925] ata4: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[  108.813266] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[  108.813317] ata4: EH complete
[  108.887995] ata4: limiting SATA link speed to 3.0 Gbps
[  108.888020] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x3c SErr 0x400000 action 0x6 frozen
[  108.888053] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[  108.888069] ata4: SError: { Handshk }
[  108.888090] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[  108.888105] ata4.00: cmd 61/01:10:08:08:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq dma 512 out
res 40/00:2c:00:1a:04/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[  108.888156] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
[  108.888172] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[  108.888186] ata4.00: cmd 60/08:18:08:08:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq dma 4096 in
res 40/00:2c:00:1a:04/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[  108.888233] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
[  108.888248] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[  108.888262] ata4.00: cmd 61/00:20:00:10:04/0a:00:00:00:00/40 tag 4 ncq dma 1310720 ou
res 40/00:2c:00:1a:04/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[  108.888309] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
[  108.888324] ata4.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[  108.888338] ata4.00: cmd 61/80:28:00:1a:04/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 5 ncq dma 65536 out
res 40/00:2c:00:1a:04/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[  108.888384] ata4.00: status: { DRDY }
[  108.888408] ata4: hard resetting link
[  109.364012] ata4: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 320)
[  109.365269] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[  109.365334] ata4: EH complete

附：完整lspci SATA控制器输出 #

$ lspci -nnk | grep --after-context=3 SATA
00:11.0 SATA controller [0106]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] [1022:7801] (rev 40)
Subsystem: ASRock Incorporation QC5000-ITX/PH [1849:7801]
Kernel driver in use: ahci
Kernel modules: ahci
--
05:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller [1b21:0612] (rev 02)
Subsystem: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller [1b21:1060]
Kernel driver in use: ahci
Kernel modules: ahci

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者A.L